Although there are many types of neurotransmitters‚ two classes of which are called excitatory and inhibitory. Excitatory neurotransmitters have effects that increase the likelihood of a neuron firing at action potential; however‚ inhibitory neurotransmitters decrease the likelihood of a neuron firing at action potential. One major inhibitory neurotransmitter is Gamma-aminobutyric acid‚ GABA. Alcohol inhibits neurotransmitter GABA that is responsible for movement and speech. (Jacobson
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Alcohol is a powerful drug. It acts on the body primarily as a depressant and slows down the brain’s activities. If you continue to abuse alcohol it can lead to alcohol dependence. Alcohol dependence is also called alcoholism. You are physically or mentally addicted to alcohol. You have a strong need‚ or a craving‚ to drink. Long term heavy drinking harms your liver‚ nervous system‚ heart‚ and brain. It can cause health problems or make them worse. These problems include: cirrhosis or pancreatitis
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cell. The nerve impulse is transmitted through the neurotransmitters to their point of synaptic fibre and the rise of calcium concentration makes presynaptic vesicles to join with the presynaptic membrane to release neurotransmitter. This neurotransmitter diffuses across the synaptic cleft‚ it joins to receptor proteins on the point of synaptic membrane. The post synaptic membrane is made up of enzymes that are no longer active to the neurotransmitter‚ acetylcholine
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Research Paper – Psychoactive Drugs and Meditation Yeaswantie Beekhoo The American University of Peace Studies Clinical Psychology April 12‚ 2011 Psychoactive Drugs and Meditation INTERDUCTION This paper focuses on the different types of Psychoactive Drugs both conventional‚ and medical. In addition‚ the effect these drugs have on the brain‚ nervous system and the mind of individual that are associated with the use‚ whether it is for pleasure or medical reasons. Some of the
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THE CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM Every behavior begins with biology. Our behaviors‚ as well as our thoughts and feelings‚ are produced by the actions of our brains‚ nerves‚ muscles‚ and glands. In this chapter we will begin our journey into the world of psychology by considering the biological makeup of the human being‚ including the most remarkable of human organs—the brain. We’ll consider the structure of the brain and also the methods that psychologists use to study the brain and to understand how it
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Chapter 5 Notes * Dopamine and the related substances norepinephrine (NE) and epinephrine (EPI) comprise a small but important group of neurotransmitters and hormones called catecholamines. * Catecholamine contains two chemical similarities: a core structure of catechol and a nitrogen-containing group called an amine. The catecholamines‚ in turn‚ belong to a wider group of transmitter called either monoamines (transmitters that possess one amine group) or biogenic amines * EPI – adrenergic
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between two neurons where neurotransmitters pass is called a synapse. When a nerve signal travels along the neuron to the synapse‚ neurotransmitters are released to carry that message to the next neuron. Once an action potential reaches the end of the neuron‚ an influx of calcium will release the neurotransmitters across the synapse. The neurotransmitters then match up with an ion-channel on the other neuron; the ion channel change its shape so that it can take the neurotransmitters into its neuron. These
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Hypothalamic-Pituitary- Adrenal Axis Neurotransmitters The HPA axis is a complex set of direct influences and feedback interactions among the hypothalamus‚ the pituitary gland‚ and the adrenal glands. The interactions among these organs constitute a major part of the neuroendocrine system that controls reactions to stress and regulates many body processes‚ including digestion‚ the immune system‚ mood and emotions‚ sexuality‚ and energy storage and expenditure. Several monoamine neurotransmitters are important in
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Chapter 2 The Brain and Behavior Chapter Preview • This chapter will cover the following domains: • The nervous system • Neurons • Structures of the brain and their functions • Brain damage‚ plasticity‚ and repair • Genetics and behavior • As with chapter 1‚ this presentation will serve as a study guide‚ highlighting the most important concepts which you should study for your midterm by reading your textbook in depth Nervous System: Characteristics • The nervous system is a massive electrochemical
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brains neurotransmitter pathways. Testosterone production is controlled by a group of nerve cells at the base of the brain‚ called the Hypothalamus. The hypothalamus helps in controlling appetite‚ blood pressure‚ mood and reproductive ability. Anabolic Steroids can alter the messages that the hypothalamus sends to the body‚ which can disrupt normal hormone function. Anabolic Steroids have an effect on the brains’ neurotransmitter system. They affect the serotonin and dopamine neurotransmitter systems
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