Questions to be submitted as Case Study 1 1) Define Hyponatremia.- When sodium concentration in the blood is below 135 mEq/L‚ or abnormally low. It is induced by the consumption of large amounts of fluid that are sodium-free‚ such as water. 2) What is the etiology of hyponatremia?- Can occur in three ways: hypervolemic‚ euvolemic‚ and hypovolemic. Hypervolemic is when the body overall has too much water‚ lowering the serum sodium level‚ thus causing cells to swell. Euvolemic is when the body’s
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Muscle Contraction & Excitation Muscle excitation takes place when there is a synaptic transmission and induction of an impulse. There are six steps that take place during muscle excitation. (1)The action potential travels down the somatic motor neuron axon reaching the synaptic bulb causing calcium ions to flow into the synaptic bulb. (2)The increase of calcium in the synaptic bulb causes the synaptic vesicles to undergo exocytosis. (Exocytosis a process that allows large molecule to leave
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Caffeine and Cognition Write-Up 1: Which data sets have you selected for your analysis? (5% of mark) The question being considered is the “battle of the sexes” and whether males or females are better at speech-based tasks (this study used the Stroop test). The second question is whether or not caffeine improved the performance of participants in the speech based tasks. Data sets used: V1(Sex of participant)‚ V3(What was the drink taken)‚ V23 (Stroop test-time taken to read word) and V24 (Stroop
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Simard General Psychology 2020 Professor Omar Corrales January 25‚ 2013 Neurotransmitters Fill in the following boxes by identifying and describing the location of the 6 neurotransmitters outlined in the textbook. Describe the effect and function of the neurotransmitter and then discuss possible mental health or behavioral or physical issues that can be associated with too much or too little of the neurotransmitter. Save this document and type directly onto the document. The boxes will
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Secondary excitotoxicity is thought to be more relevant to chronic neurodegenerative disorders than the classical acute form. In this pathway increased glutamate levels are not required as disturbances with the neuronal resting membrane potential cause glutamate receptors to be over-activated by physiological levels of glutamate. In a neuron which is affected by another pathological process and shows reduced ATP production‚ Na+ dysfunction or impaired glucose metabolism and as a result has an abnormal
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There have been multiple theories considered to explain the process of referred pain. One theory discusses the branching of peripheral nociceptive afferent fibres that has a receptive field in both the local and referred pain area.1 The limitation for this theory is that these bifurcated fibres are rare‚ fibres don’t generally branch over such large distances‚ semi-directional nature of referred pain & the latency of onset.2 This theory implies that if one receptive field is stimulated it will lead
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How baseball pitchers hit the catcher’s glove every time is regulated by a motor control system which is paralleled by the retinal circuitry in our eyes. In the Asari and Meister paper‚ they were able to experimentally prove the functional role of amacrine cells in retinal dynamics. In this thought paper I will argue that together with the bipolar and ganglion cells‚ the amacrine cells operate in a parametric system similar to the feedback and feedforward systems found in motor control. In order
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THC triggers brain cells to release the chemical dopamine. Such loss of coordination can be caused by smoking marijuana. And that’s just one of its many negative effects. Marijuana affects memory‚ judgment‚ and perception. Under the influence of marijuana‚ you could fail to remember things you just learned‚ watch your grade point average drop‚ or crash a car. Also‚ since marijuana can affect judgment and decision making‚ using it can cause you to do things you might not do when you are thinking
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Name: ib Exercise 6: Cardiovascular Physiology: Activity 4: Examining the Effects of Chemical Modifiers on Heart Rate Lab Report Pre-lab Quiz Results You scored 75% by answering 3 out of 4 questions correctly. 1. The parasympathetic nervous system releases __________ to affect heart rate. Your answer : a. norepinephrine Correct answer: d. acetylcholine 2. A cholinergic drug that worked the same as acetylcholine would You correctly answered: c. be an agonist and decrease heart rate. 3. Norepinephrine
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Myasthenia is believe not to be hereditary or contagious. Neuromuscular junction Neuron and muscle are not connected to each other. There is a small gap between them. This is called neuromuscular junction. Neuron (from the brain or spinal cord) will passed action potential through axon of motor neuron to an axon terminal. Sodium ion (Na+) and calcium ion (K+) are higher concentration outside than from the inside of the muscle and neuron. Na+ and K+ want to go inside but blocked by these channels
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