Analysis to determine the concentration of acetic acid in white vinegar. 2.0 Theory The concentration is a measurement of relative amounts of solute and solvent. There are many diverse ways of expressing concentration but the most accepted and widely used is molar concentration and regularly referred to as molarity which is defined in mole‚ the amount of solute dissolved in one litre of solution. [pic] In this experiment there are solutions used with accurately known concentrations called
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Introduction: The theory behind the extraction of a solution containing benzoic acid‚ cellulose‚ and methyl orange involves many components pertaining to the fundamental ideas of solubility and polarity. Using the concepts of like dissolving like and acid base reactions‚ a solution of organic acid (benzoic acid)‚ a water soluble compound cellulose‚ and an organic soluble compound methyl orange‚ can be separated and benzoic acid can be isolated by a method of extraction. At the fundamental level‚
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Acid Rain Definition: The term acid rain refers to what scientists call acid deposition. It is caused by airborne acidic pollutants and has highly destructive results. Scientists first discovered acid rain in 1852‚ when the English chemist Robert Agnus invented the term. From then until now‚ acid rain has been an issue of intense debate among scientists and policy makers. Acid rain‚ one of the most important environmental problems of all‚ cannot be seen. The invisible gases that cause acid
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Recrystallization of Benzoic Acid Objective To purify benzoic acid by recrystallization and gain experience with a basic organic laboratory techniques. Background Products of chemical reactions are often contaminated with impurities. One method for purifying chemicals‚ recrystallization‚ takes advantage of the differences in the solubilities of the desired products and the impurities and the tendency for the slow formation of crystals to exclude impurities from the crystalline solid. HC HC
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Weak Acid Titration Abstract: Our method for determining the unknown weak acid was to determine the equilibrium constant K from the molecular weight of the weak acid from our titration data. In this lab the acid Potassium hydrogen phthalate and two unknown acids were titrated. We determined the molar mass of the Potassium hydrogen phthalate‚ for the unknown acids we calculated the molar mass and the Ka values. We used NaOH as the known base for titrating in all three of the titrations. Our
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Purpose: To find out if the Unknown substances are bases or acids. Materials: goggles aprons paper for data table graduated cylinder unknown I substance beakers/test tubes stirring rod litmus paper pH indicator paper pH color chart phenolphthalein scoopula eye-dropper digital pH meter magnesium ribbon calculator unknown II substance forceps sodium bicarbonate Procedures: Test the pH of the Unknown substances with litmus paper and pH indicator paper and match to color chart
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In addition‚ Gram and Gramps also helped Sal accept her mother’s death. Within the book‚ on page 143 Gram says to Sal‚ “Sometimes you know in your heart you love someone‚ but you have to go away before your head can figure it out” (Creech 143). I can infer‚ that Gram was trying to explain to Sal that her mother didn’t leave because of her‚ but to clear her mind. Gram saying this to Sal was important for Sal’s knowing that her mother didn’t leave because of the baby that died before birth. Along with
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The crude product (aspirin) was purified in the last lab‚ using recrystallization‚ in which we dissolved the crude product with hot ethanol. We then added 25 mL of water until the product reformed (the solution became cloudy white) and redissolved the solid with hot ethanol. The solution was allowed to cool for a week‚ and crystals of purified solid were formed. In order to analyze this purified product‚ we determined the melting point by placing a small sample of the aspirin in a capillary tube
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method will be used to obtain a pure culture of a Gram positive coccus genus of bacteria. Several biochemical tests will be performed to aid in the identification of this unknown bacterium. Biochemical tests are a series of tests used to identify certain bacterium The various tests that are used in this lab are the catalase test‚ oxidase test‚ blood hemolytic test‚ MSA‚ blood agar‚ and PEA/ab sens test. A known Gram positive coccus bacteria will be used alongside an isolated Gram positive unknown
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Acid Rain is a type of air pollution‚ which is formed when oxides of sulfur and nitrogen combine with atmospheric moisture to yield sulfuric and nitric acids‚ which may then be carried long distances from a source before they are deposited by rain. This pollution may also take the form of snow‚ fog‚ or a dry form of precipitation. Acid rain is currently a subject of great controversy because of widespread environmental damage‚ for which it has been blamed‚ including eroding structures‚ injuring crops
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