CHM456 ORGANIC CHEMISTRY 1 LABORATORY Contact hours: 3 hours/week Laboratory textbook: Pavia‚ Lampman‚ Kriz and Engel‚ Introduction to Organic Laboratoy Techniques 3rd Edition (2011) ** Students MUST obtain a copy of the textbook Synopsis This is an organic chemistry practical course which reinforce the theory and concepts studied in Organic Chemistry 1 (CHM456). It covers the learning of simple laboratory techniques such as reflux‚ distillation‚ extraction‚ crystallization and melting point
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Nitration of Acetanilide Introduction When organic compounds are nitrated it changes the composition and reaction of the compounds.[4] We could benefit from these changes‚ nitration of acetanilide produces a product called p- Nirtoanoline. P-Nitroaniline is commonly used as an intermediate in the synthesis of dyes‚ antioxidants‚ pharmaceuticals and gasoline. P-Nitroaniline is also used in gum inhibitors‚ poultry medicines and as a corrosion inhibitor. [2] Nitration is a type of chemical
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oxidation test were conducted to fully differentiate each type of hydrocarbon from one another. Nitration tests resulted to three positive outcomes and two negative outcomes. A positive outcome in the nitration test shows that the hydrocarbon is aromatic while a negative outcome is aliphatic. In the bromine test‚ the results showed that there is one saturated aliphatic while the other is unsaturated aliphatic. In the last test (basic oxidation test)‚ all five hydrocarbons resulted to positive products
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The early twentieth century led to the discovery of penicillin‚ which revolutionized the use of curative agents to combat many bacterial contagions found around the globe. This was particularly useful in 1943 when the War Production Board outlined a plan to mass-produce a powdered formula of the drug to aid in the WWII American war effort.1 Penicillin’s use on Allied forces in the field reduced the number of amputations and deaths by an estimated 12-15%.2 Despite penicillin’s continued use today
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tribromide and use ethanol to rinse sides. Heat for five more minutes; cool down to room temperature‚ then ice bath. Collect product by vacuum filtration. Weight dry product and take melting point. Synthesis of Bromoactanile: add correct amounts of acetanilide‚ sodium bromide‚ ethanol and acetic acid in an Erlenmeyer. Add a stir bar and plug the top with cotton. Place the flask in ice bath to cool. Add 7ml bleach and continue to stir for a while. Remove flask from ice bath and warm to room temperature
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cyclohexane‚ and cyclohexene are aromatic. All are not oxidized except for cyclohexene. I. Introduction Hydrocarbons are compounds that contain only carbon and hydrogen. Hydrocarbons can be aromatic or aliphatic depending on their structure. Hydrocarbons that contain a delocalized ring of pi bonds are called aromatic hydrocarbons and those without a delocalized ring of pi bonds are called aliphatic hydrocarbons. To be classified as Aromatic‚ a compound must have an uninterrupted
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Br2 → CH2BrCH2Br (b) Add acidified KMnO4 at room temperature: Decolourisation of KMnO4 occurs immediately CH2 = CH2 + [O] + H2O → CH2 – CH2 ⏐ ⏐ OH OH (a) Insert a glowing splint into the hydrocarbon hydrocarbons: Burns with smoky flame Aromatic hydrocarbons (b) Add concentrated nitric(v) acid and concentrated sulphuric acid at 55 °C: Yellow oil with bitter almond smell produced benzene NO2 + HNO3 (HONO2) Alkylbenzenes – CH3 CH3 + H2O Add alkaline KMnO4 and boil:
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Analysis of Hydrocarbons Myra Gurango‚ Geneva Guy‚ Micah Hernandez* and Joyce Lagarde Department of Chemistry‚ University of Santo Tomas‚ Manila‚ Philippines Abstract The organic compounds hexane‚ toluene‚ cyclohexene and naphthalene in hexene were subjected to parallel chemical testing to differentiate their intrinsic physical properties in terms of structure and behavior. The physical state and color were noted by simple physical observation. Nitration Testing was conducted for preliminary
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thermodynamically favoured because a sp3 hybridized carbon is generated‚ which disrupts the cyclic conjugation. In order to regenerate the aromatic ring‚ a proton is lost at the sp3 hybridized carbon. Thus‚ p-Nitroaniline can be prepared by means of electrophilic aromatic substitution. To begin‚ nitric acid needs to be activated as it has little electrophilic power. Thus‚ concentrated sulfuric acid is added to protonate the nitric acid. Dehydration produces the nitronium ion‚ which is a strong electrophile
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SAN CARLOS DEPARTMENT OF CHEMISTRY NAME: Maniwang‚ Ma. Aiza C. DATE: March 21‚ 2011 COURSE: BS Chemistry II APPROVED: ___________ PREPARATION OF AZO DYES ABSTRACT In this experiment‚ the azo dyes p-nitrobenzene azoresorcinol and methyl orange were prepared by the azo coupling reaction. The p-nitrobenzene azoresorcinol dye was prepared from p-nitroaniline and resorcinol. The diazonium salt formed was from the reaction of the cold solution of dissolved p-nitroaniline in hydrochloric
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