EXPERIMENT 4: Synthesis of Salicylic Acid from Wintergreen Oil Abstract: The purpose of this experiment is to take methyl salicylate (wintergreen oil) and by heating it under reflux with NaOH as a solvent‚ and then cooling the mixture with H2SO4 as another solvent‚ synthesize salicylic acid. The final step involves purify the product to produce as pure a sample of salicylic acid as possible. This process allowed for the successful production of 1.406g salicylic acid‚ an 82.70% yield. The NMR and
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This article was downloaded by: [CIMAP Central Institute of Medicinal & Aromatic Plants] On: 07 March 2013‚ At: 21:43 Publisher: Taylor & Francis Informa Ltd Registered in England and Wales Registered Number: 1072954 Registered office: Mortimer House‚ 37-41 Mortimer Street‚ London W1T 3JH‚ UK Natural Product Research: Formerly Natural Product Letters Publication details‚ including instructions for authors and subscription information: http://www.tandfonline.com/loi/gnpl20 Investigation on
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Experiment Date: 3/12/2012 Photochemistry: Photoreduction of benzophenone and rearrangement to benzpinacolone Abstract: In this experiment Benzpinacolone was synthesized in a process that contained two steps. First the photoreduction of benzophenone in 2-propanol‚ which was done by placing the flask under sunlightfor the absorption of the UV rays to carry out the reaction. Then the second part was the dehydration of benzpinacol to benzpinacolone‚ where the benzpinacol product was converted
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covalent bonding of pieces of two amino acids - cysteine (blue) and valine (red). Fig. 1.1: Penicillin – Beta Lactam Structure In terms of functional groups‚ the penicillin has 4 different functional groups: namely‚ carboxylic group‚ amide group‚ methyl group‚ and thioether group. Penicillin consists of many different functional groups but as a group of drugs the difference lies in the group that is placed after the unified functional group called a penam. The penam is a characteristic feature of
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Chapter 1 MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS Topic: Atomic Orbitals 1. A) B) C) D) E) In quantum mechanics a node (nodal surface or plane) is: a place where Ψ is negative. a place where Ψ is positive. a place where Ψ = 0. a place where Ψ2 is large. a place where Ψ2 is negative. Ans: C Topic: Atomic Orbitals‚ Molecular Orbitals 2. When the 1s orbitals of two hydrogen atoms combine to form a hydrogen molecule‚ how many molecular orbitals are formed? A) 1 B) 2 C) 3 D) 4 E) 5 Ans:
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as long as the proper acidic conditions are present. Keywords: Esterification‚ Reflux‚ Extraction‚ Esters‚ Isopentyl acetate Introduction Esters have the general formula of R’COOR‚ in which R’ can be H‚ an alkyl or an aromatic hydrocarbon group and R is an alkyl or an aromatic hydrocarbon group (Bettelheim et al.‚ 2007). The volatile compounds in natural fruits and flowers are usually complex mixtures of compounds‚ where esters frequently predominate. Many artificial flavorings contain esters or
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An examination of the porphyrin structure reveals that individual pyrrole units comprise the overall structure. As an aromatic compound‚ pyrrole can participate in electrophilic aromatic substitution reactions to form the porphyrin (your report should discuss the mechanism in great detail‚ including the regiochemistry). The initial porphyrinogen product is not fully aromatic‚ but oxidation from atmospheric oxygen in the presence of the Lewis acid silica gel allows formation of the fully conjugated
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BIOREMEDIATION INTRODUCTION:- The process of bioremediation was reportedly devised by George M Robinson in the 1960 during experimentation with dirty jars and the introduction of microbes this was however not applied until the 1972 clean out of the fuel holding tanks on the RMS queen mary. Science 1972 bioremediation has become greater developed as a means of cleaning up spills of gasoline diesel ‚ heavy metals and other easily degraded petroleum products (National Research Council 1993). Bioremediation
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Chemistry GENERAL CHEMISTRY: Atomic Structure and elementary quantum mechanics: Blackbody radiation‚ Planck’s radiation law‚ photoelectric effect‚ Compton Effect‚ de Broglie’s hypothesis‚ Heisenberg’s uncertainty principle. Postulates of quantum mechanics‚ Schrodinger wave equation and a particle in a box‚ energy levels‚ wave functions and probability densities‚ Schrodinger wave equation for H-atom‚ Separation of variables‚ Radial and angular functions‚ hydrogen like wave functions‚ quantum numbers
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Carboxylic Acids and Their Derivatives Ma. Marielle M. Medura Prof. Emma Boncales Chem 23A (TTH 01:00-4:00 p.m) Carboxylic Acids and Their Derivatives I. Introduction Carboxylic acids is an organic compound that contains a carboxylic group(-COOH). Its general formula is R-C=OOH with R referring to the rest of the molecule such as H and C. They are directly attached to a carbonyl group and the interaction between them affects the reactions of each. The polarity of the O-H bond
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