SUMMARY OF ORGANIC REACTIONS SECTION 1 - ALIPHATIC Aldehydes and ketones |Type of reaction |Mechanism | |1. oxidation (aldehydes only): aldehyde ( carboxylic acid |n/a | | | | |reagents: potassium
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Rgt/Pdt | Structure | Physical Properties | Hazards | acetone | | Physical State: LiquidAppearance: colorlessBoiling Point: 56.20CMelting Point: -95.30CDensity: 0.79 g/cm3 | Causes eye and skin irritation. May cause central nervous system depression. May cause liver and kidney damage. Causes respiratory tract irritation. Extremely flammable. | aniline | | Physical State: LiquidAppearance: oily - colorlessBoiling Point: 1840CMelting Point: -60CDensity: 1.0216 g/cm3 | Combustible. Hazardous in
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Chemistry GENERAL CHEMISTRY: Atomic Structure and elementary quantum mechanics: Blackbody radiation‚ Planck’s radiation law‚ photoelectric effect‚ Compton Effect‚ de Broglie’s hypothesis‚ Heisenberg’s uncertainty principle. Postulates of quantum mechanics‚ Schrodinger wave equation and a particle in a box‚ energy levels‚ wave functions and probability densities‚ Schrodinger wave equation for H-atom‚ Separation of variables‚ Radial and angular functions‚ hydrogen like wave functions‚ quantum numbers
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3-indanetrione monohydrate / triketohydrindene hydrate) | Oxidative deamination and decarboxylation; reduction of ninhydrin | free α-amino and carboxyl groups | purple-blue color solution | Yellow solution | Xanthoproteic | Conc. HNO3‚ 50% NaOH | Nitration substitution in Benzene ring | aromatic amino acids | yellow precipitate then turns orange when neutralized with NaOH | clear solution‚ no change in color | Hopkins-Cole | Hopkins-Cole reagent | Condensation of indole group with glyoxylic acid
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Experiment #1 Nucleophilic Aromatic Substitution of 2‚4-dinitrochlorobenze Name: Anouk Deck-Leger Student I.D: 9380868 Date performed: September 13th‚ 2010 Due Date: September 20th‚ 2010 Introduction: The company DNCB produces large amounts of 2‚4-dinitrochlorobenzene and they sell this product to treat against warts and severe and chronic hair loss. It can also be used as an alternative treatment for HIV. The supervisor notices an excess amount of m-aminobenzoic acid stored away which
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blood levels of antibodies and causing the loss of white blood cells.” (CDC‚ 2013) The extend of benzene poisoning depends on length of exposure‚ preexisting medical conditions‚ route‚ and amount. At the Love Canal‚ there was over 6‚900 tons of chlorobenzenes buried. Acute effects due to benzene found at the Love Canal included narcosis and skin irritation. Along with acute effects‚ chronic effects were acute leukemia‚ aplastic anemia‚ pancytopenia‚ chronic lymphatic leukemia‚ and
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Benzene is a special case of conjugation that leads to an especially stable bonding arrangement. The benzene ring consists of six sp2 hybridized carbon atoms in a regular hexagon. Each carbon forms two σ-bonds with adjacent carbons‚ and a third σ-bond with a hydrogen atom. The 2p orbital on each atom is available for π-bonding. Interaction between the p orbitals on the six carbon atoms forms a conjugated system of π-electrons. Molecules with this bonding arrangement are called aromatic molecules
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Learning Activity 1 Preparation of Acetanilide Abstract Recrystallization is a common method of purifying organic substances through the difference in solubility at different temperature. In this experiment‚ acetanilide was produced by acetylation of aniline with acetic anhydride. The crude acetanilide was dissolved in a solvent in a heating water bath. The solution was cooled slowly in an ice bath as crystals form out. As the compound crystallizes from the solution‚ molecules of other compounds
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required in an organic laboratory‚ to carry out syntheses that are discussed in the lecture course‚ and to familiarize you with the principles employed in identifying a simple organic compound. Occupational Health and Safety Notices The Elements 1. Nitration of acetanilide 2. Hydrolysis of p – nitroacetanilide and thin layer chromatography 3. Separation of a three – component mixture by extraction 4. Completion of experiments from day 1 to 4 5. NMR workshop 6. Sandmeyer Reaction: Preparation
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Hoffman’s article “An Uneasy Rebirth at Love Canal”‚ there are approximately 218‚000 tons of chemical wastes. Many of which were used as pesticides or in the production of pesticides. This included: 13 million pounds of lindane‚ 4 million pounds of chlorobenzene‚ and 400‚000 pounds of dioxin compounds (Hoffman‚ p. 6). This was a very common practice‚ before the start of the Environmental Protection
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