used as fuel in combustion engines. It is made of over 250 types of hydrocarbons. Aromatic hydrocarbons like toluene and benzene are used to increase the octane rating of gasoline. Other additives are also added to improve engine performance and reduce the emission of harmful gasses formed as byproducts of the combustion process. Some hydrocarbons found in gasoline like benzene are carcinogenic. These hydrocarbons escape into the air around us while we are refilling petrol at a gas station. They
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Quantitative Analysis of Soda Ash by Double Indicator Method Results and Discussion The experiment focuses in the use of double indicator titration in quantitative analysis of soda ash sample. Titration refers to the process of measuring the volume of titrant required to reach the equivalnece point. This method of analysis‚ is based on the chemical reaction aA + bB → products (1) where a is the molecules of the unknown substances to be analyzed or the analyte. Analyte reacts with b molecules
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Synthesis of Salicylic Acid and Potentiometric Determination of its Purity and Dissociation Constant ------------------------------------------------- Abstract The purpose of the study is to synthesize salicylic acid from the ester‚ methyl salicylate‚ and determine the acid’s dissociation constant and purity. The ester was converted to salicylic acid by base hydrolysis. The products were refluxed and recrystallized‚ to ensure maximum purity‚ and filtered‚ dried‚ and weighed. The melting point
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liquid that is clear and colorless with a distinctive‚ aromatic‚ and pleasant odor. Its molecular weight is 120.2 grams per mole and the molecular formula is C6H3(CH3)3 (“CDC” 1). This chemical compound has three methyl substituents connected to positions one‚ two‚ and three around a benzene ring made of six carbons (see Figure 1) (Helmenstine 1). There are three different isomers of trimethylbenzene. The first one is 1‚2‚3 and is called Hemellitol‚ the second one is 1‚2‚4- and is named Pseudocumene
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UOP Linear Alkylbenzene (LAB) Complex Petrochemical Petrochemical Introduction Linear alkylbenzene (LAB) is the most common raw material in the manufacture of biodegradable household detergents. LAB is produced using normal paraffins as a raw material. Normal paraffins are derived from straight run kerosene. UOP offers processes‚ catalysts‚ adsorbents and equipment for the production of LAB from kerosene or normal paraffins. The processes can be utilized in combination in a new complex
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A glucose molecule is both large and polar‚ and rarely crosses a membrane by simple diffusion. 4. A benzene molecule is completely nonpolar and a little smaller than glucose molecule. Would it cross a membrane faster‚ or slower‚ than glucose? Why? Faster; a benzene molecule is nonpolar‚ so it is not held back by attraction to water the way that glucose is. Because it is smaller‚ a benzene molecule fits between phospholipids more easily than a glucose molecule. Page
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the major difference is that isoborneol has a higher intensity reading from the 1500-1000 wavenumbers. 2). The peaks are different due to the position of the OH. In borenol‚ the OH is in the endo position‚ making it further away from both of the methyl groups‚ this is why they have
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sequence. They differ among tissues and change over throughout the organism’s lifetime. A well-understood example of epigenetic modification is DNA methylation‚ the process by which a methyl group is covalently bonded to cytosine. During DNA replication‚ a specific enzyme recognizes unmethylated daughter CpGs and adds methyl groups to them. Chromatin modification‚ which can occur structurally or chemically‚ is another example of epigenetic activity. As stated above‚ epigenetic modifications control gene
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total oil were identified. The main compounds were 9‚ 12-Octadecadienoic acid (Z‚ Z)-‚ methyl ester (14.3 %)‚ Cedran-diol‚ 8s‚ 14- (13.2 %)‚ Caryophyllene (11.8 %). Sesquiterpenes were the main group of compounds. Sesquiterpenes and its derivatives are used as anti cancer‚ immunosuppressive and anti inflammatory agents. Key words: Solanum erianthum‚ hydrodistillation‚ 9‚ 12-Octadecadienoic acid (Z‚Z)-‚ methyl ester‚ Cedran-diol‚ 8s‚ 14-‚ Caryophyllene‚ Sesquiterpenes. Introduction The Solanaceae
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Heat flow diagram Potential Energy Diagram 2. The standard molar heat of combustion for benzene C6H6(l) is -6542 kJ/mol. a) Write a thermo chemical equation for the reaction. b) What is the enthalpy change per mole of CO2 (kJ/mol of CO2) c) Calculate the amount of heat energy released by the combustion of 100.0 g of benzene. d) Draw an enthalpy diagram for the reaction e) What mass of benzene must be combusted to heat a water tank of 5.00 L of water from 10.0 oC to 60.0 0C. 3. Communicate
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