Chemistry GENERAL CHEMISTRY: Atomic Structure and elementary quantum mechanics: Blackbody radiation‚ Planck’s radiation law‚ photoelectric effect‚ Compton Effect‚ de Broglie’s hypothesis‚ Heisenberg’s uncertainty principle. Postulates of quantum mechanics‚ Schrodinger wave equation and a particle in a box‚ energy levels‚ wave functions and probability densities‚ Schrodinger wave equation for H-atom‚ Separation of variables‚ Radial and angular functions‚ hydrogen like wave functions‚ quantum numbers
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system as a whole are outlined‚ and methods for the regeneration of the aromatic components are described. TRICARBONYLBENZENECHROMIUM (I) was first obtained by Fischer and Ofele in 27% yield from chromium hexacarbonyl and dibenzenechromium in benzene in a sealed system at 220". We had independently discovered a simpler and more general method for preparing compounds of this type which involves heating chromium hexacarbonyl under reflux in an excess of the aromatic compound or with a molar quantity
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cyclohexene‚ toluene‚ naphthalene (in hexane)‚ and the unknown (which will be known through parallel chemical tests). Three tests‚ nitration test‚ bromine test and basic oxidation test were conducted to fully differentiate each type of hydrocarbon from one another. Nitration tests resulted to three positive outcomes and two negative outcomes. A positive outcome in the nitration test shows that the hydrocarbon is aromatic while a negative outcome is aliphatic. In the bromine test‚ the results showed that
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Nitration of Acetanilide Introduction When organic compounds are nitrated it changes the composition and reaction of the compounds.[4] We could benefit from these changes‚ nitration of acetanilide produces a product called p- Nirtoanoline. P-Nitroaniline is commonly used as an intermediate in the synthesis of dyes‚ antioxidants‚ pharmaceuticals and gasoline. P-Nitroaniline is also used in gum inhibitors‚ poultry medicines and as a corrosion inhibitor. [2] Nitration is a type of chemical
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which is a type of benzene reaction. This reaction consists usually of benzene and an electrophile. The role of the nucleophile is played by the double bond on the benzene ring. IT will react will the electrophile and this reaction will form a carbon cation intermediate. With additional reactions with a base‚ the electrophile fundamentally replaces the hydrogen of the benzene. Benzene is classified as one of the countless aromatic molecules‚ and this is just a plain benzene molecule. A different
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Introduction : "Aromatic" and "aromatic compound" sidetrack here. For implications identified with odor‚ see fragrance compound. Two distinctive reverberation types of benzene (top) consolidate to create a normal structure (base) In natural science‚ the term aromaticity is utilized to depict a cyclic (ring-molded)‚ planar (level) particle that shows strange dependability when contrasted with other geometric or connective game plans of the same arrangement of iotas. As an aftereffect of their security
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formula (b) Skeletal formula 2. Draw all the possible isomers of hexane C6H14 and give the name of each. 3. Draw the structural formulae for each of the following alkanes: (a) 2‚2- dimethylbutane (b) 2-methyl-4-ethylhexane 4. A student gave the name of a hydrocarbon as 2-methyl-2-ethylbutane. Give the correct name. 5. (a) Draw the structural formula of the most highly branched isomer of octane (b) Suggest why this isomer combusts more smoothly than the straight-chain isomer
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wintergreen oil. In this experiment the salicylic acid is reproduced using methyl salicylate‚ the major constituent of wintergreen oil and later compared to salicylic acid made from benzene. The purpose of this lab is to determine the difference between salicylic acid made from methyl salicylate and salicylic acid made from benzene comparing the melting points of the two samples. II. Reactions and Properties M.W. m.p. b.p. d Methyl salicylate 152.1 -8 223 1.174 Salicylic acid 138.1 159 III
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and are said to be saturated; alkenes (e.g. ethene and propene) and alkynes (e.g. ethyne) have carbon-carbon double or triple bonds‚ and are said to be unsaturated. Aromatic hydrocarbons are cyclic compounds whose structure is related to that of benzene‚ with six-electrons in a six-membered ring. For this experiment‚ hexane will be used as an example of saturated hydrocarbons (alkanes)‚ cyclohexene will be used as an unsaturated hydrocarbon (alkenes) and toluene as an aromatic hydrocarbon. As
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structure Benzene (C6H6)- aka. naphtha - unsaturated cyclic compound - simplest aromatic HC - all C to C bonds are identical; each C has a H atom - substitution reactions occur instead of addition reaction - delocalized pi bonding in benzene imparts stability (aromaticity); responsible for resistance to addition reactions (involve breaking delocalized bonding) Benzene Derivatives- produced when one or more H atoms on benzene is/ are replaced by new group/s such as alkyl groups (methyl‚ ethyl and
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