Experiment 1: Purification of Benzoic Acid by Recrystallization III. Introduction Purification - physical separation of impurities and by-products from an impure sample pure substance. *Distillation- for liquid compounds‚ *Recrystallization- solid compounds Recrystallization - precipitation of a solid cpd. from a saturated solution in the form of crystals through cooling or evaporation -7 steps: 1) selecting the appropriate solvent 2) dissolving the solute 3) decolorizing the
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Acid Rain Research Paper What is acid rain? Rain is one of the most dire and essential needs for a thriving ecosystem‚ and to sustain human‚ animal‚ and plant life. The water provided by the water cycle‚ the event causing rain‚ is required to keep all life on Earth alive. Rain‚ although naturally acidic‚ seems to have been increasing at a rapid rate due to many reasons. Some of these many reasons include‚ pollution. Pollution from homes‚ factories‚ power stations‚ cars‚ and many more
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Acid rain is a rain or any other form of precipitation that is unusually acidic‚ i.e. elevated levels of hydrogen ions (low pH). It can have harmful effects on plants‚ aquatic animals‚ and infrastructure through the process of wet deposition. Acid rain is caused by emissions of sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides which react with the water molecules in the atmosphere to produce acids. Governments have made efforts since the 1970s to reduce the release of sulfur dioxide into the atmosphere with positive
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Procedures 1. What should you always wear to protect your eyes when you are in the chemistry laboratory? You should wear safety glasses to protect your eyes when you are in the chemistry laboratory. 2. Should you add acid to water or water to acid? You should always add acids to water. 3. Where should you dispose of broken glass? You should dispose broken glass in a protective container. 4. What should you do if you spill a chemical on your hand? If the chemical spill is on a small area you
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[pic] |THE MECHANISM FOR THE ACID CATALYSED HYDROLYSIS OF ESTERS | | | |This page looks in detail at the mechanism for the hydrolysis of esters in the presence of a dilute acid | |(such as hydrochloric acid or sulphuric acid) acting as the catalyst. It uses ethyl ethanoate as a typical| |ester.
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Acid-base titration Aim To study the titration curve of a strong base-strong acid‚ strong base-weak acid and weak acid-strong base titrations Introduction Acid-base titrations are based on the neutralization reaction between the analyte and an acidic or basic titrant. When an acid and a base are present in a stoichiometric amount e.g. 1 mole HCl added to 1 mole NaOH‚ this means that the equivalent point has been reached in an acid-base system. The end point of an acid-base titration can be
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Unknown #: 146 Fall-11 Organic Chemistry Midterm Report 13 October 2011 Table of Contents Separation of Benzoic Acid and Acetanilide 3 Extraction and Purification of Caffeine from Tea 4 Extraction of Trimyristin from Nutmeg 5 Conversion of t-butanol to t-butyl chloride 6 Appendix 7 Calculations 8 Literature and Experimental Values of Benzoic Acid and Acetanilide 9 Experimental Caffeine IR 10 Literature Caffeine IR 11 Experimental Trimyristin IR
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water petri dish grew so well it started to lift the lid off the dish. The results from the Acid Rain (50% vinegar solution) did not allow any radish seeds to germinate. There were never signs of seed germination while observing the seeds over a three week period. In the petri dish labeled Acid Rain‚ 0 out of 10 seeds sprouted into plant growth as seen in Figure 5.2. The results from the effects of acid rain are compared on Figures 5.1 and 5.2.
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As mentioned above‚ bacterial growth rates during the phase of exponential growth‚ under standard nutritional conditions (culture medium‚ temperature‚ pH‚ etc.)‚ define the bacterium’s generation time. Generation times for bacteria vary from about 12 minutes to 24 hours or more. The generation time for E. coli in the laboratory is 15-20 minutes‚ but in the intestinal tract‚ the coliform’s generation time is estimated to be 12-24 hours. For most known bacteria that can be cultured‚ generation times
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Sodium thiosulfate is safe to handle and store‚ but if it is mixed with an acid‚ a reaction happens. When dilute sodium thiosulfate is mixed with an acid‚ solid sulphur is made‚ which makes the solution appear cloudy. The reaction also makes small amounts of toxic sulphur dioxide gas. You will choose one factor and investigate this factor’s effect on the rate of reaction between sodium thiosulfate and dilute hydrochloric acid. A colorimeter is a device used in colorimetry that generally refers to
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