referring to a mixture of wet and dry deposition (deposited material) from the atmosphere containing higher than normal amounts of nitric and sulfuric acids. The precursors‚ or chemical forerunners‚ of acid rain formation result from both natural sources‚ such as volcanoes and decaying vegetation‚ and man-made sources‚ primarily emissions of sulfur dioxide (SO2) and nitrogen oxides (NOx) resulting from fossil fuel combustion. In the United States‚ roughly 2/3 of all SO2 and 1/4 of all NOx come from electric
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Biochemical Pathways of Heavy Metals Poisoning BIO101 (Principles of Biology) 6 July 2012 Abstract The biochemical pathways of heavy metal poisoning are routes by which the metals pass in the body as they impair and destroy normal cellular and organ activity. The most common types of heavy metal poisoning are caused by lead‚ arsenic‚ cadmium and mercury. They are also the most extensively studied at the moment. Lead poisoning occurs mainly by the inhibitory effect that the metal imposes on enzymes
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yield benzoin. Thiamine catalyst along with water and ethanol were added to the benzaldehyde‚ then NaOH was added until the solution turned yellow. After recrystallization‚ the product was benzoin. Step two was the oxidation of benzoin to benzil. Nitric acid was added to the benzoin and heated‚ this was followed by recrystallization to yield the benzil. In step three the benzil from step two was to be synthesized tetraphenylcyclopentadienone. The benzil and 1‚3-diphenylacetone were mixed with ethanol
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Causes and Effects of Air Pollution. Earth is everybody’s home and nobody likes to live in a dirty home. Of all the changes swirling among us‚ those that affect the natural environment seems to hold the most serious implication for human life. From a long period of time‚ people have been polluting the earth surface‚ but because of earth’s own ability to absorb and purify minor quantities of pollutants‚ the problem has been minimal. It is significant
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* Bharat stage 1 to 4 emission norms are emission standards that focus on regulating pollutants released by automobiles. Most sulphur dioxide comes from power plants that use coal as their fuel. Automobiles produce about half of the nitrogen oxide. When wood‚ household garbage‚ plastic‚ or leaves are burned‚ they produce smoke and release toxic gases. The smoke contains vapors and solid compounds suspended in the air called particulate matter. The particulate matter and toxic gases released
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rain This source discusses all the types of corrosion: • Miller‚ L. (2003‚ July 31). Corrosion. Retrieved April 3‚ 2009‚ from http://www.nsls.bnl.gov/about/everyday/corrosion.asp This source discusses how the corrosion known as rust (or iron oxide) forms: • Howstuffworks.com. (2009). How does rust work? Retrieved April 3‚ 2009‚ from http://www.howstuffworks.com/question445.htm These sources describe what acid rain is: • Buchdahl‚ J. (2003). Acid rain. Retrieved April 3‚ 2009‚ from
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Along with harming human health‚ air pollution can cause a variety of environmental effects: Acid rain is precipitation containing harmful amounts of nitric and sulfuric acids. These acids are formed primarily by nitrogen oxides and sulfur oxides released into the atmosphere when fossil fuels are burned. These acids fall to the Earth either as wet precipitation (rain‚ snow‚ or fog) or dry precipitation (gas and particulates). Some are carried by the wind‚ sometimes hundreds of miles. In the environment
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Serendipity – Accidental Discoveries in Science ABSTRACT Serendipity means the faculty of making fortunate and unexpected discoveries by accidents. Penicillin‚ X-ray‚ Viagra‚ Teflon are common examples known as accidental discoveries in science. The stories of these discoveries are interesting and meaningful. X-ray for medical diagnosis and treatment‚ miracle drug penicillin‚ Viagra for treatment of erectile dysfunction‚ Teflon for frying pans‚ all of these discoveries make our life wonderful
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HPLC detection and quantification of polyphenolic compounds Detection and quantification of selected phenolic compounds in the ethanol extract were determined by HPLC-DAD analysis as described by Ismet et al. [13] with some modifications. It was carried out on a Dionex UltiMate 3000 system equipped with quaternary rapid separation pump (LPG-3400RS) and photodiode array detector (DAD-3000RS). Separation was performed using Acclaim® C18 (5µm) Dionex column (4.6 x 250 mm) at 30 ºC with a flow rate of
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Patients afflicted with diabetes are at risk for a variety of pathologies resulting in many complications including foot ulceration and amputation. The multi-factorial etiology of diabetic foot ulcers is evidenced by the numerous pathophysiologic pathways that can potentially lead to this disorder. A multicenter study attributed 63 percent of diabetic foot ulcers to the critical triad of peripheral sensory neuropathy‚ deformity‚ and trauma (Reiber‚ et al.‚ 1999). The following discusses the pathophysiology
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