Acid rain‚ or more accurately acid precipitation‚ is the term used for describing rainfall with a pH level lower than 5.6. This type of pollution is a matter of great debate currently due to the potential of its causing environmental damages all across the world. For the last decade or so acid rain has caused destruction to hundreds of lakes and streams in many parts of the world‚ including the US‚ Canada‚ and Europe. Acid rain forms due to the oxides of sulfite and nitrogen combining with the moisture
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EXTRACTION OF BENZOIC ACID‚ 2-NAPHTHOL‚ AND NAPHTHALENE FROM UNKNOWN SAMPLE # 131 Douglas G. Balmer (T.A. Mike Hall) Dr. Dailey Submitted 11 July 2007 Introduction: The purpose of this experiment was to separate a sample of benzoic acid‚ 2- naphthol‚ and naphthalene of unknown proportions using a two-base extraction method. The three components of the mixture will react differently to sodium bicarbonate and sodium hydroxide because each of the bases’ conjugate acids has a different pKa. The
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Essay March 28‚ 2014 ACID RAIN ENVIRONMENAL EFFECTS What is acid rain? It’s a rain or any other form of precipitation that is unusually acidic‚ meaning that it possesses elevated levels of hydrogen ions (low pH). It can have harmful effects on plants‚ aquatic animals and infrastructure. Acid rain is caused by emissions of sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxide‚ which react with the water molecules in the atmosphere to produce acids. The most obvious environmental effect of acid rain has been the loss
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E XPE RIME NT 4 . 5 Reactions of acids Aim To investigate and compare some reactions of a strong acid‚ hydrochloric acid‚ and a weak acid‚ ethanoic acid (common name‚ acetic acid) Equipment Dropper bottles containing: • 0.1 M hydrochloric acid‚ HCl • 0.1 M ethanoic acid (acetic acid)‚ CH3COOH • 0.1 M sodium hydroxide‚ NaOH • 1 M hydrochloric acid‚ HCl • 1 M ethanoic acid (acetic acid)‚ CH3COOH • universal indicator solution • limewater (calcium hydroxide‚ Ca(OH)2) Marble chips (calcium carbonate
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TITLE : * Analysis of an unknown acetic acid solution OBJECTIVES : * To prepare the sodium hydroxide solution‚ NaOH * To standardise the base against potassium hydrogen phthalate * To analyse the unknown acetic acid RESULTS : A. Preparation of the sodium hydroxide solution Volume of NaOH taken from the stock solution = 3.33 mL B. Standardisation of the base against potassium hydrogen phthalate | 1 | 2 | 3 | Weight KHP | 1.0000 | 1.0004 | 1.0006 | Final volume
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Separation of a Carboxylic Acid from a Neutral Compound by Extraction Reference: Smith‚ Chapter 2 (Acids and Bases) Introduction Carboxylic acids and phenols are two families of organic compounds that contain carbon‚ hydrogen and oxygen‚ and also react with water to yield an excess of hydronium ions over hydroxide ions. Pure water has a pH of 7‚ which means it has a hydronium ion concentration‚ [H3O+] of 10-7 M (M = molarity‚ moles/Liter). The hydronium ions in pure water come from the self-ionization
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Chapter 10 ComMon Acids and Alkalis 10.1 Acids and Alkalis 1. Acids taste sour. Many fruits contain acids. 2. The three mineral acids commonly found in the laboratory are hydrochloric acid‚ sulphuric acid and nitric acid. 3. Alkalis taste bitter and feel soapy or slippery. 4. The common alkalis found in the laboratory are sodium hydroxide solution‚ potassium hydroxide solution‚ calcium hydroxide solution and ammonia solution. 10.2 Acid-Alkali Indicators 1. An acid-alkali indicator
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is not in the normal blood pH‚ the person can fall sick and it might be harm to the person. The maintenance of blood pH is called acid-base homeostasis. Acid-base homeostasis is a complex synergy that involving lungs‚ kidneys and a buffer chemical in blood and blood cells. BACKGROUND A substance that has high concentration of hydrogen ion in solution is called acid and solution that has low concentration of hydrogen ion is base. Base
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Acids and Bases Are Everywhere Every liquid you see will probably have either acidic or basic traits. Water (H2O) can be both an acid and a base‚ depending on how you look at it. It can be considered an acid in some reactions and a base in others. Water can even react with itself to form acids and bases. It happens in really small amounts‚ so it won’t change your experiments at all. It goes like this: 2H2O --> H2O + H+ + OH- --> H3O+ + OH- See how the hydrogen ion was transferred? Most of the
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10.1 COMMON ACIDS and ALKALIS in DAILY LIFE A. ACIDS 1) In our daily life‚ there are many foods‚ drinks and flavourings that taste sour. e.g. yoghurt’ lemons and vinegar. 2) They taste sour because they contain acids‚ which give the sour taste. e.g. Yoghurt contains lactic acid. Lemons contain citric acid. Vinegar contains ethanoic acid. 3) Many household cleaners and personal care products also contain acids. e.g. Toilet bowl cleaners contain hydrochloric acid. Some body lotions
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