Sucrose is a disaccharide formed from D-glucose and D-fructose. The glycosidic linkage is between C1 of glucose and the C2 of fructose. 1H NMR of Sucrose: Mass Spectrum of Sucrose: 13C NMR spectra of sucrose: 3. Why is it difficult to isolate sugars? For simple sugars‚ they are small molecules and they behave similar properties that make them hard to separate. Besides‚ sugars are most electrically neutral. The separation of electrically neutral sugars is a relatively difficult and
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Procedure 2.0 g of Mo(CO)6 and 10 mL of mesitylene were added into a 50-mL round bottom flask along with a small magnetic stir bar. A 30-cm reflux condenser was attached to the round bottom flask and a gas inlet was then connected to the condenser and to the bubbler. Since Mo(CO)6 and the product tends to react with oxygen at high temperatures this reaction must take place in an inert atmosphere. Therefore‚ the gas inlet was connected at the top of the condenser to a nitrogen source and was flushed
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IT and AN Determiners of Waray and the Application of Role and Reference Grammar Submitted by: Kristel Doone Q. Pedroza 2007-34870 Submitted to: Prof. Louward Zubiri In Partial Fulfillment of the requirement in Linguistics 140 Second Semester AY 2010-2011 Department of Linguistics University of the Philippines Diliman March 31‚2011 INTRODUCTION This study explores the functions of the two determiners of Waray‚ namely ‘IT’ and ‘AN’. While it is observed in Tagalog that the
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Experiment 1: Bromination of Acetanilide1 Precautions: Ethanol is flammable Sodium hypochlorite is an oxidizing agent and releases toxic fumes (handle in fume hood) Acetic acid is corrosive‚ harmful if inhaled‚ flammable and can cause burns (handle in fume hood) Gloves are recommended to avoid chemical contact with skin Reaction Scheme: Conversion of acetanilide to p-bromoacetanilide Procedure: To a 125 mL Erlenmeyer flask containing a mixture of 95% ethanol (6 mL) and acetic acid (5 mL)‚ dissolve
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cm-1 (due to the Carbon-Oxygen double bond of the ketone group) that would not be present in the IR spectrum of isoborneol.1 By identifying the absence of the C-O absorbance band and the presence of the Carbon-Oxygen double bond absorbance band in an NMR spectrum‚ I would be able to conclude that isoborneol was successfully oxidized to
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General Features of Oxidative Additions Oxidative addition reactions usually involve a coordinatively unsaturated 16-electron metal complex or five-coordinate 18-electron species‚ and take the general from: [pic] If the A and B ligands in the product are considered to be formally –1‚ then the metal center has increased its oxidation state by +2‚ and this is the origin of the name oxidative addition. Oxidative reaction can occur when a metal complex
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Abstract Various types of reactions were completed to first create and then use Jacobsen’s catalyst in the asymmetric epoxidation of an unknown alkene with bleach in the laboratory. The chiral epoxide synthesized was then characterized with GC/MS and NMR. With this information the unknown alkene was able to be identified as 4-chlorostyrene. Introduction Organisms have evolved with mechanisms that use specific enantiomers of molecules. If the chirality of the molecules is incorrect‚ they may not
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Tatiana Pachova BSc‐2‚ chemistry Assistant : Chandan Dey Sciences II – lab. A Nitration of bromobenzene (n°28) 1. INTRODUCTION 1.1) 1.2) Purpose The objective of this experiment is to synthesize the p‐bromonitrobenzene (bromo‐1‐nitro‐4‐benzene) out of bromobenzene‚ by nitration. Scheme Br Br HNO3 / H2SO4 Mechanism The first step is the formation of the NO2 from the nitric acid: NO2 1.3) O O S N
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Experiment 2: Fractional Distillation of a Mixture of Two Unknowns Background: Boiling is a process familiar to anyone who has cooked pasta or brewed tea. As heat is applied to a pan of water‚ the temperature of the water increases until it reaches 100°C (212°F). At this temperature‚ additional heat causes the water to bubble vigorously as the liquid water is converted into gaseous water‚ or steam. Most organic liquids will behave in a similar fashion. On heating‚ the temperature of the liquid
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Part 5: Synthesis‚ characterization and evaluation of COS-SMCC-(fatty acyl) CGKRK as in vitro gene delivery system to MDA-231 The delivery of siRNA is a great challenge due to its susceptibility to serum nuclease digestion‚ quick renal clearance. In addition to its anionic charge which hampers its cellular uptake. Therefore‚ the success of the gene carrier system relays on‚ the design of a delivery system that can protect siRNA molecules from enzymatic degradation‚ the ability to translocate the
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