Introduction An electrophile is a reagent attracted to electrons and accepts an electron pair in order to bond to a nucleophile. Electrophiles will attack benzene and result in hydrogen substitution. However‚ this is not thermodynamically favoured because a sp3 hybridized carbon is generated‚ which disrupts the cyclic conjugation. In order to regenerate the aromatic ring‚ a proton is lost at the sp3 hybridized carbon. Thus‚ p-Nitroaniline can be prepared by means of electrophilic aromatic substitution
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Doctrine: Limitations in Establishing Corporate Criminal Liability The identification doctrine is the traditional method by which companies are held liable under the principles of the common law. According to this theory‚ the solution for the problem of attributing the unlawful acts to a corporation for offences that require intention was to merge the identified individual with the corporation. For the purpose of establishing corporate liability‚ a company may be responsible for the wrongful acts of
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ABSTRACT The aim of this experiment is to study the friction loss along a pipe. In this experiment‚ water and mercury have been used to demonstrate the law of resistance with different types of flow which are laminar and turbulent flow. The variation of head loss will be obtained and hence determined the Reynold numbers and friction factor. In the end of the experiment‚ the law of resistance which is the relationship between i and u will be determined and hence established the critical R and friction
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forms of business entities available‚ a recent one being limited liability partnerships (LLP)‚ created by the Limited Liability Partnership Act 2000 (LLPA). This act came into force on the 6th of April 2001. As‚ LLP’s have qualities similar to partnerships‚ they are seen as a hybrid between a partnership and a company. An LLP is a ‘corporate body’ with ‘separate legal personality’‚ distinct from its members. Members enjoy limited liability and are not jointly and severally liable for the debts of the
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The legend of Santa Claus has been told for centuries and is still told to this day. Every year‚ many children make Christmas lists and send them to Santa. If they are good‚ they will get presents‚ but if they are bad‚ they will get a bundle of coal in their stocking. Santa is usually visualized as a happy‚ white-bearded man‚ with a red stocking cap‚ and a red suit with white cuffs and black boots. In other cultures‚ he is referred to as St. Nicholas‚ Sinterklauss‚ and Father Christmas. Santa Claus
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Joscely Garris Professor Vinh Hoang CHEM 1151L – 254 25 October 2013 Preparation of Viscous Solution This report discusses an experiment to study the relationship of solute/solvent and the calculations involved to measure the concentration of the solution. The first experiment to take place is the preparation of a salad dressing using xanthan gum solution‚ water and oil. Commonly used as a food thickening agent‚ Xanthan gum is a large molecule composed of several saccharides linked together
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looks like. Outline ATTENTION-GETTING OPENER Lung cancer‚ emphysema‚ heart disease‚ asthma attacks‚ cataracts‚ bronchitis‚ and death‚ these are all the common effects due to cigarette smoking. PREVIEW Today I will be informing you of the damage that is caused to the human body due to cigarette smoking‚ why smoking is addictive‚ and the laws about cigarette smoking. Health risks of cigarette smoking Why smoking is addictive Laws about cigarette smoking TRANSITION: Many people know that smoking cigarettes
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(MIP-1)The loss of her mother and baby brother affected Najmah in a behavioral way‚ not physical. (SIP-A)Najmah is in a state of shock that were caused by the loss of Mada-Jan and Habib. (STEWE-1)After experiencing the loss of Mada-Jan and Habib she feels like she has no point to live anymore because every family member of hers has been taken by the Taliban. “I don’t care whether the Taliban find me and kill me” (83). Najmah is feeling hopeless now because she has no family left and no one to take
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The Preparation of 1- Bromobutane Introduction... Aim : To prepare 1-Bromobutane. Background : The most common way of preparing alkyl halides‚ which are very useful intermediates in syntheses‚ is the replacement of the OH group of an alcohol by a halogen. This replacement is a nucleophilic substitution reaction‚ and alcohols do not undergo nucleophilic substitution reactions because hydroxide ison is strongly basic and a poor leaving group. However‚ alcohols readily undergo
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Sorry for the loss is a short story written by Bridget Keehan and is from Eagle in the Maze- An Anthology of Stories from the Rhys Davies Short Story Competition 2008. Mainly the story deals with contrasts and how you see people. It is always hard to deliver bad news‚ especially when you do not know how the receiver will react. Evie‚ a female prison guard‚ shall in the beginning of the story tell about the death of a grandmother to Victor a prisoner. It is the first death notice she will deliver
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