working principles of the data link layer. 2 b) Is controlled access better than contention for media access control? Discuss. 2 c) Why is error detection important in this layer? What is being measured? 3 d) Identify three significant noises that can cause errors in data communication digital circuits. Briefly explain. 3 Part 2: General review of error correction 4 a) Why is cyclical redundancy check (CRC) most popular error checking scheme? 4 b) How is Hamming distance used
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Abstract From recent studies we know that overpopulation do affects our environment.It frequently causes many types of pollution such as water pollution‚air pollution‚land pollution‚noise pollution.In addition‚overpopulation also threat to the biodiversity.To solve this problem‚only a sustainable approach toward conserving what currently exists as natural resources could counteract the detrimental effects of overpopulation on the natural world. Outline
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College of Computer & Information Science Northeastern University Wireless Networks Lecture 2 Antennas and Propagation The notes in this document are based almost entirely on Chapter 5 of the textbook [Sta05]. Rappaport’s text is also a good reference for wireless signal propagation [Rap95]. 1 Antennas An antenna is an electrical conductor or a system of conductors that radiates/collects (transmits or receives) electromagnetic energy into/from space. An idealized isotropic antenna
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the loud noise from the nearby house and other activities while I am concentrating on my work. I really dislike when there is any type of noise going on around me‚ or even in my next-‐door house. When there is a noise‚ I will get incredibly headache and it distracts me from my work. Some examples of noise that really
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output voltage. For the circuit given in the figure the output voltage is given as Contents [hide] 1 Overview 1.1 Regulation 1.2 Efficiency and Heat Dissipation 1.3 Quiescent current 1.4 Filtering 1.4.1 Ripple Rejection 1.4.2 Output Noise 1.5 Specifications 2 See also 3 References 4 External links Overview[edit source] Die of the LM1117 low-dropout linear voltage regulator. The adjustable low-dropout regulator debuted on April 12‚ 1977 in an Electronic Design article entitled
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EMClarity White Paper BASIC PATH CONSIDERATIONS FOR A MICROWAVE LINK Date: May 2010 223171 1 BASIC PATH CONSIDERATIONS FOR A MICROWAVE LINK Date: May 2010 Revised: 1.0 Summary There are a number of factors to be checked when considering a possible path for a microwave link. Ideally‚ a microwave link would
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CMOS Inverter Circuit and Operation of CMOS inverter Kerk Yi Wern Basic CMOS inverter Circuit ● ● ● Act like a switching circuit Input: High Input: Low NMOS ON ‚ PMOS OFF PMOS ON‚ NMOS OFF ● Operation of CMOS inverter Rise/fall time‚ VTC‚ Noise margin effects and Threshold Voltage Vm. Nabilah SK Aziz → The propagation delay of the CMOS inverter is determined by the time it takes to charge and discharge the capacitances present in the logic circuit → The two parameters are the high-to-low
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Recent air pollution rise in delhi heavy smog enveloped New Delhi last November. One year later‚ levels of particulate matter have hit nearly 20 times what the government considers a standard for health. Inhalable waste in the form of particulate matter 10‚ or PM10‚ hit 1‚940 micrograms per cubic meter in the city whereas The Delhi Pollution Control Committee’s standard for healthy conditions is 100 micrograms per cubic meter or lower. Air quality often deteriorates during the Diwali festival‚
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pollutants - decompose rapidly by natural processes. 2. Non-degradable pollutants-do not decompose or slowly decompose in the environment. Pollutions are different kinds 1. Air pollution 2. Water pollution 3. Soil pollution 4. Marine pollution 5. Noise pollution 6.Thermal pollution and 7. Nuclear hazards I-Air pollution: It may be defined as “the presence of one or more contaminants like dust‚ smoke‚ mist and odour in the atmosphere which are injurious to human beings‚ plants and animals Sources
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instantaneous bandwidth hence it offers substantial increase in channel capacity‚which can be perceived from Shannon link formula: C=Blog(1+SNR). The link capacity is proportional to bandwidth and and follows a logarithmic relation with signal to noise ratio.Due to linear relationship between channel capacity and bandwidth ‚a very small radiation power is needed to achieve high data rate when the signal bandwidth is large.The frequency domain spectral content of UWB signal is dependent upon pulse
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