Lecture 5: Markets and Demand Money. -Barter requires no special tools. -Buying and selling requires money. -Selling means obtaining money in exchange for goods. -Buying is the opposite. -Commodity money: salt‚ gold. -Fiat money: modern money. Has no value of its own (paper or computer memory)‚ its declared to be money by the government or other institution. Acceptance of money. -Why do people accept paper money? We accept it because we know others will accept it. -Bitcoin: money invented
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CHAPTER 2A DEMAND ANALYSIS 1. Introduction: • Demand for goods and services constitutes one side of the product market ; supply of goods and services forms the other. • If there is no demand for a good‚ there is no need to produce that good. • If the demand for a good exceeds its supply‚ there may be need to expand production. • Production generally takes time and so one has to know the likely demand for a relevant product at a future data to
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Jonathan Levin Di¤erentiated Products Demand Systems (A) Jonathan Levin Economics 257 Stanford University Fall 2009 Demand Estimation Fall 2009 1 / 27 Di¤erentiated Products Demand - Outline Overview Supply side Product space Characteristic space Recent developments Class Discussion Jonathan Levin Demand Estimation Fall 2009 2 / 27 Why do we care? Products in almost all markets are di¤erentiated to some extent. Products di¤er in their physical characteristics
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that gas price changes are inelastic. Inelastic demand is “when percent change in quantity demanded is less than percent change in price‚ so price elasticity is less than 1 in absolute value” (Hubbard & O’Brien‚ 2015b). This means that when a price of a product changes‚ such as gas‚ it does not affect the demand of that good or service. I feel that consumers will be responsive to the price change when these fluctuations occur due to changes in supply. Anyone who has driven would understand that whether
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Demand forecasting Demand Forecasting is the activity of estimating the quantity of a product or service that consumers will purchase. Demand forecasting involves techniques including both informal methods‚ such as educated guesses‚ and quantitative methods‚ such as the use of historical sales data or current data from test markets. Demand forecasting may be used in making pricing decisions‚ in assessing future capacity requirements‚ or in making decisions on whether to enter a new market. •
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Demand and Elasticity Linear demand curve: Q = a – bP Elasticity: E d = (ΔQ/ΔP)/(P/Q) = -b(P/Q) E d = -1 in the middle of demand curve (up is more elastic) Total revenue and Elasticity: Elastic: Ed < -1 ↑P→↓R (↑P by 15%→↓Q by 20%) Inelastic: 0 > Ed > -1 ↑P→↑R (↑P by 15%→↓Q by 3%) Unit elastic: Ed = -1 R remains the same (↑P by 15%→↓Q by 15%) MR: positive expansion effect (P(Q) – sell of additional units) + price reduction effect (reduces revenues because of lower price (ΔP/ΔQ)/Q)
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elasticity of demand In the real world‚ prices of different products vary day by day‚ however‚ the effect it has on the demand is a concept that is very important to understand. When a consumer has an ability or willingness to buy a certain number of products at a given price‚ it is known as demand. Elasticity of demand is the measure of change in quantity demanded of a product when there is change in factors that effect demand. There are 3 main types of elasticity of demand; Price elasticity demand‚ Income
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QUESTION 1 a) Seasonal demand can be consumer interest in purchasing particular products only during a specific period within the calendar year. For example‚ Christmas trees‚ most fruits‚ school books and uniforms‚ TVs‚ cards and tourism sector among others are subject to seasonal demand. There are certain problems that are associated with this kind of seasonal demand they include; Over stocking is one of the problems of this kind of demand. Seasonal demand poses problems for businesses because
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Demand for Corn If the demand for corn increases due to its use as an alternative energy source‚ the supply of corn substitute like soybean would decrease. This would happen because as the demand of corn rises‚ the price of corn would rise. Therefore the producers of a substitute like soybean would start producing corn instead of the soybean considering that they both have the same farmland. The producers of soybean will expect to make more profit by selling corn at a higher price assuming the cost
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Samsung Smartphones | Managerial Economics Assignment | | By Group A5Abhimanyu AnchaAkshya PuriAniruddha KulkarniHiten BachaniRahul AgrawalSai Sundeep | | | Contents DETERMINANT OF DEMAND/SUPPLY 2 Product Type 2 Factors Affecting Demand 2 Price Elasticity of Demand 3 Nature of Demand of the Product 4 LAW OF DIMINISHING MARGINAL UTILITY 5 Diminishing Marginal Utility in case of Samsung smart phones: 5 Consumer Surplus 6 REVENUE MODEL OF SAMSUNG SMARTPHONES: 8 ANALYSIS
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