Derive the demand curve? To show what the consumer should do to maximize utility‚ a budget line must be added to the preferences shown in the indifference curves. The picture below adds one. Point a is not attainable because it lies to the right of the budget line. The consumer is indifferent between points b and d because they lie on the same indifference curve‚ but point d is cheaper than b because d lies below the budget line. The consumer wants to get on the highest indifference curve affordable
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Why the aggregate demand curve slopes downward: To answer this question‚ we recall that the components of economy’s GDP: Y = C + I + G + NX We assume that government spending is fixed. The other three components: consumption‚ investment‚ and net exports depend on economic conditions and on the price level. 1. The price level and consumption: The wealth effect: Ex: The nominal value of a dollar is fixed‚ yet‚ the real value of a dollar is not fixed. Coca Pizza 1 $ 1 0.5$ 2 → A decrease
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• The demand curve is flatter (more horizontal) the closer the substitutes for the product and the less diminishing marginal utility is at work for the buyers. • The dependent variable in demand analysis is the quantity (the number of units) sold. The independent variables are price‚ income of buyers‚ the price of substitutes‚ and the price of complements. • An increase in income shifts the demand curve to the right for normal good. It goes to the left for an inferior good. • An increase in the
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(external) forces are equal in magnitude‚ while supply–demand curves are unitary elastic. Given a certain event/scenario‚ (a) analyze the curve/s affected‚ shifts or movements and the direction‚ and (b) effect to equilibrium price (P*) and equilibrium quantity (Q*) Scenario 1 a. Prices of optical drives suddenly increase The production cost has increased so the supply decreases and eventually the price go up. The supply curve shifts to the left. b. A new market-standard
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Movement along the demand curve: There are many factors determining demand- the prime one being price. Price and quantity are the two components which form the demand curve. Any change in these two variables doesn’t cause a shift in the demand curve but a movement along what is already existent. When prices vary‚ quantity is altered. Usually‚ applying the law of demand‚ more will be consumed when prices drop and vice versa. When more goods are consumed due to a drop in prices there is an expansion
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OLIGOPOLY Oligopoly is a market with a few sellers. Fewness means in this market number of firms is such that one firm’s action affects the other firms in the market. Hence whenever any firm makes any decision regarding price etc‚ it has to take into account the behavioural response of the other. This main feature of oligopoly is called interdependence. This interdependence brings forth the need for strategic decision making. Strategic decision making involves conjectural variation. Conjectural
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prices and wages when they set nominal prices and wages. If expected inflation is higher‚ newly set prices and wages will be higher. d Draw the relevant AS curves showing what will happen if expected inflation falls. Label everything and discuss (typed). When the inflation falls‚ the AS curves shit upward‚ because the price level will increase. SECTION TWO: 2 points Explain for each event whether it changes the short-run aggregate supply‚ long-run aggregate
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Oligopoly is a market structure in which only a few sellers offer similar or identical products. It is an intermediate form of imperfect competition. OPEC is an epitome of Oligopoly. Features of Oligopoly: • Non Price Competition • Interdependent decision making • Entry Barriers If organizations behave in cooperative mode to mitigate the competitions amongst themselves it is called Collusion. When two or more organizations agree to set their outputs or prices to maintain monopoly it is called
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ANALYSIS OF MARKET STRUCTURE DATE: 8TH NOVEMBER 2014 SR. NO TOPIC PAGE NO. 1 OLIGOPOLY 3 2 PERFECT COMPETITION 5 3 MONOPOLY 7 4 MONOPOLISTIC 9 5 COMPARISON 11 Oligopoly An Oligopoly is an industry dominated by a few firms‚ e.g. supermarkets‚ petrol‚ car industry etc. The main features of oligopoly: An industry which is dominated by a few firms. Interdependence of firms‚ firms will be affected by how other firms set price and output
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large number of small private enterprises. Production and management strategies are made by private capitalists according to changing in market supply and demand. Private capitalists are free to participate or exit the economic activity of any of industries. The form of price is spontaneous in market. It shows the change of supply and demand‚ it can distribute the scarce resources to producers‚ and also distributes goods and services to consumers. Consumer rights Consumers are the main part of
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