Research types Experimental - uses independent (random‚ representative‚ etc.) vs. dependent (observed outcomes)‚ free of confounds. Make causal claims about why things happen‚ prevent bad stuff‚ promote good stuff. “experiments" Correlational - descriptive‚ observational. Does not make causal claims. “studies" Variable types (SS Stevens‚ 1946) Nominal - assign item to category; are discrete / categorical Ordinal - rank order items; are categorical‚ but often treated
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9.54 (a) At the .01 level of significance‚is the true mean greater than 10? Null Hypothesis: Ho: M = 10 :Mean is 10 or less pages Alternative Hypothesis: H1: M >10 :Mean is more than 10 pages Significance level=alpha (a) = 0.01 or 1% No of tails= 1 This is a 1-tailed test because we are testing that the mean is greater than 10 Since sample size= 35 >= 30 we will use normal distribution This is a one tailed test because we are testing the area in the right tail Since
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_________________________________________ How is Statistics Different from Mathematics? And Why Is the Distinction Important? By Isidoro P. David Acronyms: CHED-Commission on Higher Education; NHERA-National Higher Education Research Agenda; HEI-Higher Education Institution; PSA- Philippine Statistical Association; SRTC-Statistical Research and Training Center; UPD-SS- University of the Philippines School of Statistics; UPLB-IS- University of the Philippines at Los Banes Institute of Statistics; GAISE- Guidelines
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| | Statistics for Public Administration: Practical Uses for Better Decision Making | | | Maureen BernerAs a public administrator‚ you need to be able to analyze and evaluate policies‚ and understand analysis and evaluations done by others. This means having a solid working knowledge of how to apply statistics to the types of data used in local government so that you make good decisions.Statistics for Public Administration: Practical Uses for Better Decision Making‚ a completely updated
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stats in their research. Official statistics are a source of secondary data. They are produced by the government. They are quantative data. There are two types of Official Statistics. Hard statistics which are objective and can’t be manipulated; statistics on births and marriages are hard statistics. Soft statistics which are more subjective are easy to manipulate; statistics on crime‚ poverty and unemployment are soft statistics. Positivists favour Official Statistics as they take a scientific approach
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Question 1 How can graphics and/or statistics be used to misrepresent data? Where have you seen this done? Answer: It is a well known fact that statistics can be misleading. They are often used to prove a point and an easily be twisted in favor of that point. Statistics‚ graphics and database are used in medical field to approve‚ prove or disapprove theories‚ analysis and interpretation of ailments‚ medications and its impact and treatment and its effectiveness. As noted by Nursing Research (2011)/
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EMGT 571 STATISTICS I TAKE HOME FINAL EXAM Problems – Answer the following problems…BE SURE TO SHOW ALL WORK!!!. You can use excel‚ SPSS or word as the medium for generating solutions to the problems. I recommend you use excel and SPSS 1. The time at which the mailman delivers the mail follows a normal distribution with a mean of 2:00PM and a standard deviation of 15 minutes (20 pts) a) What is the probability that the mail will arrive before 1:50PM? b) What is the probability
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In recent years sports statistics have become more valued by professional teams‚ although this change has been a slow process. Hall of Fame baseball general manager Branch Rickey hired the first full time statistician in 1947‚ and made numerous statistical formulas to enhance his performance. Yet despite his decades of success‚ most sports owners did not value advancing statistical methods of evaluating players. For instance‚ noted statistician Bill James did his research as an outsider to baseball
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Descriptive statistics information Descriptive statistics organize‚ summarize‚ and communicate a group of numerical observations and describe large amounts of data in a single number or in just a few numbers Inferential statistics Use samples to draw conclusions about a population Inferential statistical use sample data to make general estimates about the larger population‚ and infer or make an intelligence guess about‚ the population Sample: a set of observations drawn from the population
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Outline and assess the usefulness of official statistics in measuring crime (50 marks) Crime is behaviour that breaks the law. Crime itself is deviant. Deviance refers to the behaviour that most people see as differing from acceptable social norms or standards of society – as abnormal or immoral. Official statistics is crime reported by the public and recorded by the police (or detected by the police themselves). Records are published every three months. The process involves the witness discovering
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