NORMATIVE ETHICAL THEORIES Objective • Discuss the normative ethical theories L2: Normative Ethical Theories Beliefs about how people should behave can be classified into at least 2 major categories: Teleological theories (Consequentialism) Right actions are those that produce the most or optimize the consequences of one’s choices. Behaviour is ‘ethical’ if it results in desirable behaviour 1. 2. 3. 4. Ethical egoism Ethical elitism Ethical parochialism Ethical universalism Deontological theories
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Ethical Dilemmas Patent What the government did to Thomas Edison’s inventions is somewhat unethical. The ethical theories affected in this situation are: Egoism‚ Classical Utilitarianism‚ Altruism‚ and Deontological. Egosim because the good done by the government pleased the public. Classical Utilitarianism because it brought good to the public. Altruism because the good was for the greatest number of people. Deontological because the result was good. The only one who didn’t receive the most
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Define and contrast the three ethical perspective? "Relativism is the idea that one’s belief and values are understand in terms of one’s society culture or even one’s own individual values" (Mosser). All around the world people do things different such as eat different‚ speak different language even their religion custom are different. What might be right in one’s country could be right in another. For example in USA we eat beef but in India eating beef is against their religion. "Emotivism rejects
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Ancient moral theory explains morality in terms that focus on the moral agent. These thinkers are interested in what constitutes‚ e.g.‚ a just person. They are concerned about the state of mind and character‚ the set of values‚ the attitudes to oneself and to others‚ and the conception of one ’s own place in the common life of a community that belong to just persons simply insofar as they are just. A modern might object that this way of proceeding is backwards. Just actions are logically prior to
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Normative Theory Normative Theory Hypotheses or other statements about what is right and wrong‚ desirable or undesirable‚ just or unjust in society. The majority of sociologists consider it illegitimate to move from explanation to evaluation. In their view‚ sociology should strive to be value-free‚ objective‚ or at least to avoid making explicit value-judgements. This is because‚ according to the most popular philosophies of the social sciences‚ conflicts over values cannot be settled factually.
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| Normative theoryNormative theories describe an ideal way for a media system to be structured and operated. Most normative theories develop over time. Normative theories differ in two ways from scientific theories: (1) they are less concerned with specific predictions‚ and (2) they are less directly tied to systematic‚ empirical‚ direct observation.First two normative theories are authoritarianism and libertarianism. Authoritarianism calls for direct regulation of media and media content by the
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Normative Theories Application Normative ethical theories can generally be divided into three types: teleological‚ deontological‚ and virtue ethics. The first two types are considered as action-based theories because they focus entirely upon the actions which a person performs. The last one focuses on training decision maker’s character. Teleological theories are characterized focus primarily on the consequences. In order to make the correct ethical decisions‚ decision-maker has to evaluate
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Psychological egoism‚ Normative egoism‚ Ethical egoism‚ and Rational egoism. Egoism in general values the desires of the individual the most‚ and this is most important to the individual only if the desires match what is in one’s own best interest. Psychological egoism is more centered upon the individual’s unconscious impulse to always behave in one’s own self-interest‚ and is more of a law than a theory because it must always hold true‚ and if it does every other theory falls apart. Psychological
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Positive Accounting Positive economic theory and accounting practices are objective and based on fact. Positive accounting focuses on analyzing the economic statistics and data at hand‚ and deriving conclusions based on those figures. For example‚ if corporate growth allows a company to increase shareholder dividends over previous dividend payments‚ positive accounting theory would conclude that corporate growth causes a rise in stockholder dividends. Most bookkeeping and data collection involved
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Public Administration & Management: An Interactive Journal 6‚ 3‚ 2001‚ pp. 87-90 Normative Theory and Policy Evaluation Stuart Nagel MKM-PSO-DSI Center and University of Illinois I. PROFESSIONAL ETHICS An interesting question concerns the ethical obligations of people who do policy analysis research. Such research often involves ethical dilemmas that relate to: 1. Whether one’s purposes should include prescription or evaluation‚ as well as prediction or explanation. 2. Whether or not
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