large bronchi (medium-size airways) in the lungs that is usually caused by viruses or bacteria and may last several days or weeks. Causes Acute bronchitis can be caused by contagious pathogens‚ most commonly viruses. Typical viruses include respiratory syncytial virus‚ rhinovirus‚ influenza‚ and others. Bacteria are uncommon pathogens but may include Mycoplasma pneumoniae‚ Chlamydophila pneumoniae‚ Bordetella pertussis‚ streptococcus pneumoniae‚ and haemophilus influenzae. * Damage caused by irritation of the
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1.1. History Viruses that have been attenuated are less communicable than viruses that are not. Although the virus in the chickenpox inoculation is generally incompetent of causing an ailment‚ it still encourages a response from the body’s invulnerable system. 1.2. Causes In 1875‚ Steiner demonstrated that chickenpox was caused by a communicable agent by inoculating volunteers with the vesicular fluid from a patient with desperate varicella. Clinical explanations of the relationship between varicella
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9-1 Identifying the Genetic Material Griffith’s experiments Frederick Griffith‚ a bacteriologist‚ was trying to prepare a vaccine against the pneumonia-causing bacterium‚ S. pneumoniae. A vaccine is a substance that is prepared from killed or weakened microorganisms and is introduced into the body to protect the body against future infections by the microorganisms. Griffin worked with 2 types‚ or strains of S. Pneumonia. The first strain is enclosed in a capsule made of polysaccharides
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referred to as bacterial transformation and is caused by the alteration of a cell‚ which results in the uptake and expression of foreign DNA. Transduction is the process by which DNA from one bacterium is transferred to another bacterium through a virus‚ which infects one taking genetic information and then the other‚ depositing the genetic information. The final way HGT occurs is though a process known as conjugation. Conjugation is a form of bacterial “mating” which results in the sharing of genes
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I have infected 45 million Americans and will infect 1 million more Americans each year. Who am I? Herpes‚ from the ancient Greek meaning to creep or crawl‚ is the name of a family of viruses of which herpes simplex virus 1 and herpes simplex virus 2 (HSV-1 and HSV-2) are the most serious human pathogens. HSV-1 is normally associated with orofacial infections and encephalitis‚ whereas HSV-2 usually causes genital infections and can be transmitted from infected mothers to neonates. Both viruses
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DNA is the “blueprint” for the individuality of an organism. The organism relies upon the information stored in its DNA for the management of every biochemical process. The life‚ growth and unique features of the organism depend on its “blueprint”. The parts of DNA which have been linked with specific features or functions of an organism are called genes. Molecular biologists have discovered many enzymes which change this structure in living organisms. Some of these enzymes can cut and join strands
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Colloidal silver has become increasingly popular for several good reasons. It is very affordable‚ especially if you make your own with a generator. It can treat hundreds of illnesses. And this liquid is also very safe. Read on to find out more about colloidal silver and all its benefits. What is Colloidal Silver? Colloidal silver is a suspension of distilled water that contains nanoparticles of silver. It can be made to be different strengths‚ so it can be tailored to the severity of the illness
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How can we tell if an organism is alive or not? Is a virus ‚ prion‚ virod‚ or a rock a living organism? What is life? Biologist have studied what makes organism alive for many years and have come to the conclusion the there are nine characteristics of life. Each characteristic has a property which applies to how and organism is alive. Life characteristics are as follows: order‚ metabolism‚ motility‚ responsiveness‚ reproduction‚ development‚ heredity‚ evolution‚ and adaptation. All of the characteristics
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within a few hours. Guillain-Barre can affect all age groups. May be triggered by: most commonly an infection with Campylobacter‚ a type of bacteria found often in undercooked food‚ especially poultry. Mycoplasma pneumonia‚ surgery‚ Epstein-Barr virus‚ influenza‚ Hodgkin’s disease‚ mono‚ HIV‚ and rarely rabies or influenza immunizations. This syndrome affects your nerves and may prompt a domino-like effect in other systems in your body. Some complications may include: breathing difficulties. Residual
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Despite the therapeutic advancement‚ clinical translation of CRISPR-Cas9 faces outstanding challenges‚ basically in terms of the safety and efficacy of these treatments‚ translatability of in vivo delivery methods‚ potential immunogenicity and the delivery vectors used 8.First‚ a major challenge in therapeutic genome-editing technologies is the potential for off-target effects which mostly result into permanent genetic modification leading to introduction of unwanted mutations.These may impact potential
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