1과 N+입니다(Noun predication/Copula) ‘입니다’ is a descriptive particle meaning “to be”. It is attached onto the end of a given noun and serves as a predicate. It is used with reference to persons or things. 입니다 is the polite formal conjugation of 이다. (예) 저는 학생입니다. 이것은 책입니다. N+입니까? ‘입니까?’ is the question form of 입니다. (예) 저 남자는 학생입니까? 이것은 책입니까? N+이/가 아닙니다. ‘-이/가 아닙니다’ is the negation form of 입니다. (예) 저는 학생이 아닙니다. 저는 가수가 아닙니다. 2과 -은/는(Topic Particle) ‘은/는’ follows a noun‚ indicating that
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Recall of concrete and abstract word pairs: a study of word concreteness effect Abstract This experiment studied the effects of concreteness of unrelated noun pairs on free recall. Paivio’s Dual Coding Theory suggests that memory can encode information in verbal or non-verbal forms‚ depending on the format of the information‚ and word concreteness has additive effect on memory performance. This experiment explored whether concrete words are better recalled than abstract words. The design was
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abyss hole so deep as to appear bottomless acquiesce agree‚ accept without protest affable polite and friendly‚ easy to talk to affliction distress‚ suffering affluent wealthy‚ abundant agitate move‚ shake‚ stir up ambiguous having more then one meaning annex take possession of aqueous of or like water arduous demanding great effort‚ strenuous aroma quality or surrounding atmosphere considered typical atone make repayment avarice greed bellicose inclined to fighting calisthenics
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- Hoy es lunes. - Today is Monday. However‚ if the noun that comes after ser is modified‚ an article is generated: - Yo soy un profesor bueno. - I am a good professor. - Uds. son unos estudiantes buenos.- You are good students. In English‚ in the singular forms there is an article‚ but in the plural forms there may not be an article. (2) Definite articles are used in front of nouns after thematic verbs like gustar in Spanish: Most nouns that come after verbs like gustar will generate an article
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New York does. * Notice the difference in usage between just as and just like in the “Others” list in the chart. Just as is a subordinating conjunction and is followed by a subject and a verb. Just like is a preposition and is followed by a noun or noun phrase. Tokyo is crowded and noisy just as New York is. Tokyo is crowded and noisy just like New York.
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how words are combined to form sentences; but there is an interesting relationship between morphology and syntax. In derivation morphology‚ we saw that certain aspects of morphology have syntactic implications--nouns can be derived from verbs‚ verbs from adjectives‚ adjectives from nouns‚ and so on. Sentences are combinations of morphemes. It is not always possible to assign a meaning to some of these morphemes‚ however. For example‚ what is the meaning of it in the sentence It’s hot in July
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ho Introduction We are all intimately familiar with at least one language‚ our own. Yet few of us ever stop to consider what we know when we know a language. There is no book that contains the English or Russian or Macedonian language. The words of a language can be listed in a dictionary‚ but not all the sentences‚ and a language consists of these sentences as well as words. Speakers use a finite set of rules to produce and understand an infinite set of “possible” sentences. These
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the table Subject + Verb in the passive voice (P. 59) → the cat was scared by the table Subject + Verb + Indirect Object+ Direct Object (p. 60) Subject + Linking Verb+ Subject Complement (predicate adjective or noun) (p. 61) Subject + Verb + D.O. + Objective Complement (adjective or noun) (p. 61-62) There or It + Linking Verb (+complement) + object (p.62-63) Dependent Clauses Also known as a subordinate clasues‚ these also contain a subject and a predicate but they can’t stand alone as a sentence/
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Fluency and Coherence Ability to produce long responses How easily the candidate can produce the long responses The amount of hesitation The speed of speech Use of discourse markers/ linking phrases/ connectives The amount of self-correction Be able and willing to produce long responses to most questions. Produce a range of different linking words/ phrases. Linking phrases are sometimes used incorrectly. Use some ―marker‖ language (eg‚ redundant language). There
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some adjectives with two syllables - see 2 - 1 to 2 - 4) C - Irregular adjectives positive | comparative | superlative | comment | good | better | best | | bad | worse | worst | | much | more | most | uncountable nouns | many | more | most | countable nouns | little | less | least | | little | smaller | smallest | | D -
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