According to” Piaget theory”‚ cognitive development involves a change in cognitive process and abilities. The cognitive level of these I observed was preoperational stage to operational stage. At the preoperational stage happen from age 2-7 year olds‚ in this stage‚ kids learn through pretend paly but still struggle with logic and taking other people opinion. They also often struggle with understanding the ideal of constancy. The operational stage happen from age 7-11‚ in this stage individual are
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Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) is a psychotherapeutic approach that addresses dysfunctional emotions‚ maladaptive behaviors and cognitive processes and contents through a number of goal-oriented‚ explicit systematic procedures. The name refers to behavior therapy‚ cognitive therapy‚ and to therapy based upon a combination of basic behavioral and cognitive principles and research. Most therapists working with patients dealing with anxiety and depression use
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about the development and efficiency of using the cognitive-behavioral approaches. The article states that cognitive-behavioral approaches have proven to be verifiably effective for treating a wide range of clinical disorders such as depression. Although this approach has been used for years‚ techniques that are used to help people accept and distance themselves from harsh thoughts and emotions are less underlined because of the focus of changing the content of cognitions in Cognitive Therapy. The
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Jean Piaget’s Theory of Cognitive Development Angela Oswalt‚ MSW‚ edited by C. E. Zupanick‚ Psy.D. Jean Piaget is perhaps one of the most well-known and influential child development specialists. His work was first published during the 1920’s‚ but his theory of cognitive development continues to influence contemporary researchers and clinicians. Piaget’s identified five characteristic indicators of adolescent cognitive development and named them as follows: 1) formal operations‚ 2) hypothetico-deductive
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1. What is K-12 curriculum? What is the rationale of K-12 curriculum? K- 12 is a designation for the sum of primary and secondary education. It is used in the United States‚ Canada‚ Philippines and Australia. It means kindergarten and the twelve years of elementary and secondary education. The kindergarten refers to the 5-year old unit that takes a standardized kinder curriculum. The elementary education refers to primary schooling that involves six or seven years of education and the secondary
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qChapter 11: Curriculum Development Farid Ljuca‚ Srdjan Lozo‚ Vladimir Simunovic‚ Hans-Martin Bosse‚ Martina Kadmon 1. Introduction Process of curriculum development is essential for successful achieving educational goals for medical students. It asks for systematic approach which should respect several aspects: the needs of patients‚ of the society‚ the students and teaching staff. This process should be maximal efficient and effective; it should be built upon previous work. Process itself should
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CURRICULUM DEVELOPMENT The purpose of this guide is to provide some general instructions to school districts as staff begin to develop or revise their curriculum guides. This document provides an overview of the curriculum development process and suggests a series of steps to follow in creating curriculum documents. Currently‚ the State Department of Education has comprehensive program development guides in Mathematics‚ Physical Education and World Languages located at the curriculum web site
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1. Critical analysis of the significance of theories‚ principles and models of inclusive curriculum. Inclusive curriculum is the educational programme designed to avoid all barriers to learning/student success i.e. the Central of inclusive curriculum design are clarity and flexibility. There are three ways of approaching curriculum theory and practice: curriculum as Product‚ curriculum as Process‚ and curriculum as Praxis (practice). The governing model of describing and managing education today
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In the study of learning‚ learning theories are categorized into paradigms or schools of thought based on viewpoints shared by scientists that provide a framework for research. Three of the major paradigms of learning theories include the cognitive paradigm‚ the neurophysiological paradigm and the evolutionary paradigm. The first paradigm is referred to as cognitive because theorists place their emphasis on the cognitive nature of learning. According to Hergenhahn and Olson (2005)‚ the second paradigm
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Historical Origins & Major Contributions: In the early 1960’s there was a drift towards Cognitive Behavior Therapy as people turned away out of disappointment in the psychodynamic theory for psychotherapy. Also at this time social learning theory was the new and upcoming study. This is when Cognitive theory emerged with Alfred Adler. He was the first Cognitive therapist who came up with the idea that an individuals beliefs and ideas is what makes up their behavior (Lantz‚ 1996). He believed
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