bloodiest of the religious wars. An uneasy truce had existed in Germany since the Peace of Augsburg in 1555. This agreement allowed Lutheran and Catholic rulers to determine the religion of their subjects but it did not make any provisions for the inroads of Calvinism. Catholics were alarmed that the Lutherans were gain¬ing conversions and territory in violation of the settlement. Lutherans feared that the Peace of Augsburg would
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Founding fathers of the Reformation‚ Martin Luther and John Calvin are the source of two great currents of Protestantism. Beyond what unites them‚ one and the other are carriers of two very different worldviews. The two men are alike in anything. One is in one piece. It is square‚ it is thundering‚ he does not know (nor want) decline. The other has a long face‚ beard and pointy nose‚ sideways glance. It has also a will of iron‚ but he knows to win by negotiating. The first is a short-tempered‚ which
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Johnson‚ The Writings of the New Testament: An Interpretation‚ 2nd ed. rev. (Minneapolis: Augsburg Fortress‚ 1999)‚ 99-104. (See Turabian Manual 14.35 – 14.36 for footnotes‚ pp. 273-5; Turabian Manual 14. 38 for endnotes‚ p. 277.) Subsequent Note References (See Turabian Manual 8.84 – 8.96‚ pp. 137-41.) 1Luke Timothy Johnson‚ The Writings of the New Testament: An Interpretation‚ 2d ed. rev. (Minneapolis: Augsburg Fortress‚ 1999)‚ 99-104. 2Ibid.‚ 116-7. 3Wayne A.
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focused on math all the time. Noether attended Hohere Tochter Schule in Erlangen. She took a test that certified her for English and French. She then went to achieve a mathematics degree taking classes at Erlangen. Once she passed the exam in Nurnberg‚ she attended University of Gottingen. At the age eighteen‚ Emmy sat in on math classes then took the exam to permit her to be a doctoral student in math. Noether went back to University of Erlangen to receive her doctorate degree; in 1907 she
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Paramount‚ the German‚ French‚ and English wars ended with a compromise‚ as well as the spread of Protestantism. Germany concluded their war with the Peace of Augsburg. Signed in 1555‚ the compromise granted individual rulers to choose religion for their land‚ signifying the toleration and spread of Protestantism in Germany. England concluded their war with the 39 Articles of Religion. Signed in 1563‚ this compromise
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rejected the institution of the magistracy‚ and rather advocated for a pacifistic communism.40 Another way they differed is on the issue of infant baptism. Lutherans and Calvinists both continued the Catholic practice of baptizing infants41 In fact‚ the Augsburg Confession states that the Lutherans “condemn the Anabaptists‚ who reject the baptism of children‚ and say that children are saved without Baptism.”42 In fact‚ a similar view held by the Zurich reformers on this issue led to some Anabaptist’s fatal
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Throughout his life he travelled to Wolfenbüttel‚ Nürnberg‚ Genoa‚ Florence and Venice. While in Italy he planned to meet and study under the famed composer Luca Marenzio who worked for the Medici family. However‚ he abandoned his plan after some incidents on his trip. Thus‚ he shortened his trip and made
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Italian/Northern Renaissance | | Medici Family | They dominated Florence during the 15th century and were interested in industry‚ trade‚ and banking. The first was Giovanni di Bicci de’Medici (1360-1429)‚ and the most famous was Lorenzo the Magnificent (1449-1492)‚ the great grandson of Giovanni. Medici power fell after Savonarola (1452-1498)‚ a Franciscan friar‚ gained power‚ and therefore‚ Florence was never the same. | Humanism | England: * Started taking hold in early 15th century taught
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radical Calvinist preachers. The Compromise In 1564‚ the Netherlands saw the first fusion of political and religious opposition to Regent Margaret’s government. When Philip II instructed Margaret to enforce the decrees of the Council of Trent on the Netherlands‚ William of Orange’s younger brother‚ Louis of Nassau‚ led the opposition with the support of the Calvinist-minded lesser nobility and townspeople. The opposition drafted the Compromise in which they vowed to resist the decrees of the
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than be stay at home mothers or teachers or secretaries. 80. The 30 Years War took place in 1618 to 1648. This would have to be one of the most deadly religious Wars to have happened in Europe. It affect Germany because that was where the Peace of Augsburg was and where the Peace of Westphalia would end up. World War I left Germany with with no money because as a part of the Treaty of Versailles they were held accountable for all the expensive of the war. . 81. Peter the Great modeled how he ruled
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