Contents Introduction 1 Eco city 1 Benefits of eco-cities 2 Ecological Sustainability 2 Economic Sustainability 2 Social Sustainability 2 Examples of eco cities 2 Masdar City 3 Arcosanti 3 Treasure Island 4 Challenges in transforming African cities into eco cities 4 Conclusion 5 Bibliography 5 Introduction Eco-Cities are places where people can live healthier and economically productive lives while reducing their impact on the environment. They work to harmonize existing
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Journal of Economic Perspectives—Volume 12‚ Number 2—Spring 1998—Pages 139-160 Are Cities Dying? Edward L. Glaeser Is the city dying? Professional seers‚ such as Richard Naisbitt and Alvin Toffler‚ have argued that information technology is rapidly making the need for faceto- face contact juid cities obsolete. Experts on the inner city see inevitable urban decay when they note that 16.7 percent of families in cities with greater than one million inhabitants live below the poverty line (compsired
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involve selecting strategies that yield a long-term competitive advantage. 2. Depreciation is an allocation of a sunk cost. This cost is a past cost and will never differ across alternatives. 3. The salary of the supervisor of an assembly line with excess capacity is an example of an irrelevant future cost for an accept-or-reject decision. 4. Past costs can be used to help predict future costs. 5. Yes. Suppose‚ for example‚ that sufficient materials are on hand for producing a part for two
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was lucky enough to develop my own city it would be the most unique place on earth. I would have to have a place where the climate was around 80 degrees year round and had no major natural disasters in the region. I would call my city Dillville and have a population of about 60‚000. There would be one hospital for the city and one jail for all the criminals. In this paper I will discuss my ideal city and the key elements that I believe will make my city ideal. Those key elements will be
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Cost Classifications for Decision-Making. Every decision involves choosing from among at least two alternatives. Only those costs and benefits that differ between alternatives are relevant in making the selection. This concept is explored in greater detail in the chapter on relevant costs. However‚ decision-making contexts crop up from time to time in the text before that chapter‚ so it is a good idea to familiarize students with relevant cost concepts. 1. Differential Costs. A differential cost
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Cost of Quality (COQ) "The cost of quality." It’s a term that’s widely used – and widely misunderstood. The "cost of quality" isn’t the price of creating a quality product or service. It’s the cost of NOT creating a quality product or service. Every time work is redone‚ the cost of quality increases. Obvious examples include: The reworking of a manufactured item. The retesting of an assembly. The rebuilding of a tool. The correction of a bank statement. The reworking of a service‚ such as
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What is a smart city? • A smart city has been defined as a ‘knowledge’‚ ‘digital’‚ ‘cyber’ or ‘eco’ city; representing a concept open to a variety of interpretations‚ depending on the goals set out by a smart city’s planners. We might refer to a smart city as an improvement on today’s city both functionally and structurally‚ using information and communication technology (ICT) as an infrastructure. • A city well performing in a forward-looking way in [economy‚ people‚ governance‚ mobility
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Cost Classification Introduction: In this assignment I will be discussing how costs incurred in any organization may be classified in a number of different ways for a number of different purposes. I will also be looking to find companies that use a variety of different costing techniques and methods. I will also be discussing the comparisons between marginal and absorption costing and how the concept of activity based costing can also be compared with these. To complete the assignment I will
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We already know that following are the important cost concepts related to the production process of a firm: • Fixed Cost • Varibale Cost • Average Cost • Marginal Cost please refer to following page Introduction to Cost Concepts to understand various cost concepts in detail. Here we will briefly state again the meaning of above stated cost concepts for better understanding of the module on short run cost analysis. Fixed Cost is that cost which does not change (that is either goes up or
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COST ANALYSIS OBJECTIVES INTRODUCTION MEANING DEFINITIONS TYPES OF COSTS MONETARY COSTS REAL COSTS OPPORTUNITY COSTS ECONOMIC COSTS ACCOUNTING COSTS INCREMENTAL COSTS SUNK COSTS FUTURE COSTS PRIVATE‚ EXTERNAL AND SOCIAL COSTS FIXED / SUPPLEMENTARY / OVERHEAD COSTS VARIABLE / PRIME COSTS REPLACEMENT COSTS PRODUCTION COSTS SELLING COSTS CONTROLLABLE COSTS DIRECT COSTS INDIRECT COSTS SHORT RUN COSTS CURVES LONG RUN COSTS CURVES OBJECTIVES To understand the meaning of cost. To discuss different types
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