under efficient operating conditions absorption costing all manufacturing costs are assigned to products: direct material‚ direct labour‚ variable and fixed manufacturing overhead acceptable quality level (AQL) the defect rate at which total quality costs are minimised account classification method (or account analysis) the process in which managers use their judgement to classify costs as fixed‚ variable or semivariable costs accounting rate of return (or simple rate of return‚ rate of return on assets
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The City Shaped; The City as Diagram In the Tired chapter‚ “The City as Diagram”‚ he explains that the design intent that determines the eventual form of certain cities. With the contemporary Eco village of Arcosanti and the Medieval period Palmanova in Italy‚ he contrasts two distinct forms‚ tracing their diagrammatic evolution. The diagram of the two cities is very specific‚ addressing their intent; responding to the landscape the former and to the militaristic needs and ideas in the latter
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Opportunity Cost Scarcity of resources is one of the more basic concepts of economics. Scarcity necessitates trade-offs‚ and trade-offs result in an opportunity cost. While the cost of a good or service often is thought of in monetary terms‚ the opportunity cost of a decision is based on what must be given up (the next best alternative) as a result of the decision. Any decision that involves a choice between two or more options has an opportunity cost. Opportunity cost contrasts to accounting cost in
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The Cost of Turnover Putting a Price on the Learning Curve by Timothy R. Hinkin and J.BruceTracey Employee turnover does more than reduce service quality and damage employee moraleit hits a hotels pocketbook. E mployee turnover has long been a concern of the hospitality industry‚ and therefore of researchers who examine industry human-resources concerns. One stream of research that arose in the past 20 years was an effort to quantify the cost of employee turnover. Although most managers
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Publichttp://pfr.sagepub.com/ Finance Review Public Subsidies to Stadiums: Do the Costs Outweigh the Benefits? Daraius Irani Public Finance Review 1997 25: 238 DOI: 10.1177/109114219702500205 The online version of this article can be found at: http://pfr.sagepub.com/content/25/2/238 Published by: http://www.sagepublications.com Additional services and information for Public Finance Review can be found at: Email Alerts: http://pfr.sagepub.com/cgi/alerts Subscriptions: http://pfr
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Cost Allocation Paper Cost Accounting Abstract This article’s focus is how cost accounting allocates costs of a manufacturing plant. All things are hypothetical. The conclusions of this report regarding costing of commercial services provided by Goodyear Tire should be recognized as a theory of the way Goodyear Tire conducts business activities‚ rather than suggestions of how Goodyear Tire should conduct business. Goodyear Tire is a publically traded company‚ which has many different
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Cost Theory in Economics A central economic concept is that getting something requires giving up something else. For example‚ earning more money may require working more hours‚ which costs more leisure time. Economists use cost theory to provide a framework for understanding how individuals and firms allocate resources in such a way that keeps costs low and benefits high. 1. Function * Economists view costs as what an individual or firm must give up to get something else. Opening a
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1953‚ the government was persuaded to begin a production run of 600 aircrafts‚ in which the cost per aircraft would reach up to two million dollars (CAD). The original order was later reduced to 100 after Canada was forced to produce the engine‚ missile system‚ and fire control
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L-S‚ T & H‚ Chapter 4: RQ4.1‚ RQ4.3‚ RQ4.5‚ RQ4.7‚ RQ4.8‚ RQ4.9‚ RQ4.10‚ RQ4.11‚ RQ4.14‚ RQ4.15‚ RQ4.18‚ RQ4.20 E4.21‚ E4.25‚ E4.26‚ P4.33‚ P4.36‚ P4.37 and P4.40. RQ4. 1 Identify the major purposes of product costing. For each purpose discuss whether information about current or future product costs is required. What implication does your answer have for developing a product costing system? L-S‚ T & H‚ page 131. Purpose Current / Future Product Costs Short-term decisions: product mix‚ pricing
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out their projects. If financial intermediaries did not exist surplus agents would not be ready to hold highly illiquid assets to finance borrowers. * Cost reduction is done by financial intermediaries as they are able to reduce costs which are associated with the buying and selling of financial instruments. Due to lower transaction costs financial intermediaries offer lower loan rates relative to direct financing. * Provision of payments system in modern times‚ financial intermediaries facilitate
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