Introduction Case studies are an important research method in areas where innovations are studied. They enable us to study contemporary and complex social phenomena in their natural context. Over the years researchers working from both epistemological perspectives have addressed important methodological issues. A case study is expected to capture the complexity of a single case‚ and the methodology which enables this has developed not only in the social sciences‚ such as psychology‚ sociology‚ anthropology
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Longitudinal Research Studies A basic type of research method in which subjects are tested one or more times after initial testing. Typically‚ subjects are assigned randomly to an experimental group (e.g. a group that performs a specific type of training) and a control group after the initial testing. Both the experimental and the control groups are tested again simultaneously one or more times during the period of the study. In this way‚ the effects of an experimental procedure can be measured
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concepts and opinions? This is what research is aiming at‚ to pile up different proccess‚ tools‚ scientifique procedures‚ theories and applications‚ examine‚ compare‚ revise and assess the possible outcome in hope of earning knowledge or generate it.According to (Cresswell 2008) research is a procedure that poses an order of steps to be followed so as to accumulate and examine in detail every information and as a consequense achieve the main objective of the research which is to persue knowledge on
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Methodology‚ in its simplest form‚ refers to how the research should be undertaken (Saunders et al. 2009). In a practical way‚ it is a function of research question(s)‚ study approach‚ scale of the study‚ type of data‚ sample size and participants‚ data analyses techniques and study limitations (Johnson and Waterfield‚ 2004). Accordingly‚ this chapter is divided into nine sections. Section 3.1 explains the reasons for the choice of case study approach; section 3.2 describes the sampling strategy
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varied. This research is focused on the challenges associated with the implementation of performance appraisal system at the Ghana National Scheme (GNSS)‚ to recommend solutions to the challenges where appropriate. The main objectives of the study are to evaluate the current performance appraisal system at the Ghana National Scheme (GNSS). The study has become necessary due to the challenges facing the GNSS with regards to the implementation of performance appraisal system. The study was conducted
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Research is one of the most important aspects of education. Not only does it help teachers gain funding‚ but also it helps teachers help students. Research involves six steps‚ where a researcher identify a research problem‚ review the literature‚ specifies a purpose‚ develops research questions‚ collects data‚ and analyzes and interprets data. These steps are critical for researchers. Not only is it important to follow the steps of research‚ but it is allow important to know which research to choose
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Methods of Research Jennifer Whitehead CJ490 8/12/14 Professor Price Methods of Research Scientist conducts research on a daily basis. The purpose of this research is exploration‚ description‚ explanation‚ and application. In the area of criminal justice things are getting researched all of the time. Take murder for example‚ the police have to explore to find out what actually happened. They have to describe the events leading up the the murder. They have to explain the facts to try and
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sampling methods. Give one example of each. Non-probability sampling Non-probability sampling is that sampling procedure which does not afford any basis for estimating the probability that each item in the population has of being included in the sample. In this type of sampling‚ items for the sample are selected deliberately by the researcher; his choice concerning the items remains supreme. Non-Probability Sampling Methods: The common feature in non probability sampling methods is that subjective
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observations - overgeneralization (few similar events –> evidence of pattern?) - selective observation (focus on things that fit our idea‚ ignoring the rest) - illogical reasoning (Glückssträhne muss Pechsträhne folgen?) replication Repeating a study to test and confirm/question earlier ones Premodern view Ppl see things as they really are Modern view Diversity in beliefs‚ no one is absolute Postmodern view The only things we know are those we see (no “truth”) theory Systematic explanation
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Overview of Research Methods * Quantitative Research: translates the social world into numbers which can be studied mathematically * Qualitative Research: Uses non-numerical data like texts‚ interviews‚ photos and recordings to help understand social life The Scientific Approach * The Scientific Method—a procedure for acquiring knowledge that emphasizes collecting data through observation and experiment. * Most sociologists believe that they should not allow their personal beliefs
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