general principles of the law. By doing so‚ the judge lays down as original precedent which would then be used in subsequent similar cases. There are two main principles that are involved in judicial precedent; these are ratio decidendi and the obiter dictum. Ratio decidendi is
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Introduction This essay is an attempt to advise Changwa on the area of law under which he can bring an action in view of the facts given in the question. The essay will also attempt to advise Changwa with respect to the person against whom such action can be brought. In order to achieve this end‚ the essay will pay particular attention to the salient elements he has to establish in the area of law identified‚ if at all he is to succed in his claim. The essay will conclude by looking at the likely
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done to them. Like for an instance a housewife goes to buy the household for her house and f there is some defect in the commodities then she can ask the buyer to exchange or compensate her or else she can go to the consumer forums for it. (Donoghue v Stevenson) But to quote that the government has been inefficient in spreading awareness. The government has done its job of framing laws but still its incomplete as for whom these laws have been made are unaware of it. For instance there have been many
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Q 1 - An offer exits whenever the objective inference from the offeror’s words or conduct is that she intends to commit herself legally to the terms she proposes. The advertisement specified that the promisee should use the smoke ball 3 times a day for 2 weeks. Mrs. C used the smoke ball and caught Influenza‚ then claimed the $100 from the company. a- How were the facts of Carlil v. Carbolic Smoke Ball different from the usual situation involving an advertisement? ( relate it to the elements of
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1. Importance of Donoghue v Stevenson Case The case established 3 things The case established negligence as a wrongful act for which there was a legal liability. The notion of duty of care was formed which if infringed would result in damage. The neighbour principle was established by Lord Akins namely that your neighbour is anyone who may be affected by your acts or omissions. Main points of Case (The details of this were) Mrs Donoghue drank some ginger beer in which she found the remains
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specific circumstances. Although there were some attempts in the late 19th century to develop a general test‚ there was no accepted test until 1932. Ø The neighbour test The classic formulation of the ¡®neighbour¡¯ test of Lord Atkin in Donoghue v Stevenson [1932] AC 562 is the most frequently cited attempt to rationalize the duty of care: ¡°You must take reasonable care to avoid acts or omissions which you can reasonably foresee would be likely to injure your neighbour. ¡± Who then in law is
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Exam Answers Question 1 Statutory Interpretations is the process by which Judges interpret Acts of Parliament in cases.75% of cases heard by the Horse Of Lords are concerned with Statutory Interpretation .When it is called upon to deal with a problem of interpretation ‚the Court does two things here. Translation is what happens first‚ here they decide what the word means‚ then secondly they apply the correct meaning to the situation in question and decide on the results (in terms of the intention
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LAW Torts 1 – Negligence: elements of liability Objectives The law of tort has already been mentioned in other topics in a comparative sense. After studying this topic you should be able to: • discuss the nature of tort law; • explain the various interests protected by tort law; • describe the three essentials of the tort of negligence; • apply the test of reasonable foreseeability in relation to the duty of care; • explain the circumstances in which a duty of
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22 PAPER-4 (LL1008) LAW OF TORT AND CONSUMER PROTECTION LAWS nd st (2 Semester‚ 1 Year of the 3-Year LLB course) PART A- Law of torts PART B – Consumer Protection Law PART –A General Principles 1. General Principles – Definition‚ distinction between tort‚ crime‚ contract‚ breach of trust. 2. Essential conditions of liability – Damnum Since injuria‚ Injuria sine damnum‚ Malice‚ Motive. 3. Foundations of tortuous liability‚ fault liability‚ strict liability‚ principles of insurance in torts. 4
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Donoghue vs Stevenson (1932) is the first case law relevant of liability to third party. However‚ in this case‚ the liability is only established if there are physical harms of loss by third parties (not economic losses) Candler & Crane Chrismas (1951) is the next stage of development‚ where there is liability for financial loss if there is a contractual relationship‚ a fiduciary relationship or a fraud Hedley Byrne & Co Ltd vs Heller & Parties Ltd (1963) is a significant point of development
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