Financial support through a grant from the Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada is gratefully acknowledged. August 20‚ 2001 Abstract This chapter provides a survey of utilitarian theories of justice. We review and discuss axiomatizations of utilitarian and generalized-utilitarian social-evaluation functionals in a welfarist framework. Section 2 introduces‚ along with some basic definitions‚ socialevaluation functionals. Furthermore‚ we discuss several information-invariance
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INTRODUCTION Utilitarianism is the assumption that human beings act in a way that highlights their own self interest. It is based on factuality and leaves little room for imagination. Utilitarianism dominated as the form of government in England’s Victorian age of eighteenth century. Utilitarianism‚ as rightly claimed by Dickens‚ robbed the people of their individuality and joy; deprived the children of their special period of their lives‚ ’Childhood’ and deprived women of their inherent right of
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it can be argued that you tackling him down brings little good or happiness‚ however the consequence of saving his life brings a greater happiness. Rule Utilitarianism is commonly linked with John Stuart Mill. Rule utilitarians believe that rules should be formed using utilitarian principles
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two significant groups that make up all utilitarians. These two groups are called rule utilitarians and act utilitarians. According to the textbook‚ rule utilitarianism states‚ “it is the long-term effects of the type of action that are relevant to deciding whether to perform a token act” (387). Additionally‚ it breaks down the possible consequences that may occur if a particular decision was made to perform certain actions. On the other hand‚ act utilitarians consider the effects of each and every
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Ebin Thomas sunny Student ID: 717537 MANA6320-01 A Kantian Approach to Business Ethics The writer here talks about a man named Kant who lived in the 18th Century and is best known for defending a version of the “respect for persons” principle which implies that any business practice that puts money on a par with people is immoral or unethical. Kant argued that the highest good was the goodwill. To act from a good will is to act from duty. Thus it is the intention behind an action rather than its
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Act utilitarianism states that‚ when faced with a choice‚ we must first consider the likely consequences of potential actions and‚ from that‚ choose to do what we believe will generate the most pleasure. The rule utilitarian‚ on the other hand‚ begins by looking at potential rules of action. To determine whether a rule should be followed‚ he or she looks at what would happen if it were constantly followed. If adherence to the rule produces more happiness than otherwise‚ it is a rule that morally
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practice. Sometimes this utilitarian theory is considered a controversial theory of morality especially when linked to the cost-benefit analysis versus the risk-benefit analysis‚ ultimately eliminating the human quality of making business decisions. Ford Motor Company‚ Ford Pinto Case‚ is one of the most debatable utilitarian cases; when discussing business ethics. In this paper I will analyze Ford Motor Company’s decision making process related to the Ford Pinto; using the utilitarian analysis. Ford
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ethical models like deontology (duties and obligations)‚ virtues or rights. According to Catherine Rainbow‚ the utilitarian ethical theory is founded on the ability to predict the consequences of an action. To a utilitarian‚ the choice that yields the greatest benefit to the most people is the choice that is ethically correct. One benefit of this ethical theory is that the utilitarian can compare similar predicted solutions and use a point system to determine which choice is more beneficial for more
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chose to save five lives and‚ by doing so‚ their decisions are considered utilitarian. Utilitarianism is an ethical theory that cares about the
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his friend and his son who go out on a mountain hike and get stranded in a cave in bad weather. The boy will certainly not survive‚ not being as hardy as the men‚ and the men will only survive if they kill and eat the boy before he is frozen. The utilitarian thing to do is to eat the kid. Most people’s commonsense moral intuition would disagree‚ indicating that there are values that can (sometimes at least) supersede simple utility. It should be the utilitarian’s task to defend the eating of the child
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