Distribution of Income • The fifth macroeconomical goals to ensure that income distribution is equitable. Equitable means fair‚ but fairness is an elusive concept and it means different things to different people. • A more equitable distribution may help to accelerate growth and promote human and economic development in many ways: • The propensity to consume of the poor is higher than that of the rich so redistribution will increase aggregate demand especially for basic goods and services.
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MEMORANDUM TO: Dr. Green FROM: Kecia Carter DATE: November 28‚ 2010 RE: Tax Memo #1/Gambling Activities Issue #1 Dr. Green is a practicing physician in Chicago who‚ as an avid blackjack and slot machine player‚ travels to Las Vegas bi-weekly to gamble. He would like to know what criteria are used to determine whether his gambling activities constitute a trade or business for federal income tax purposes and whether or not you think his gambling activities qualify for trade or business
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GHANA Introduction & Definition of taxation: To tax (from the Latin taxo; "I estimate") is to impose a financial charge or other levy upon a taxpayer (an individual or legal entity) by a state or the functional equivalent of a state such that failure to pay is punishable by law. A tax may be defined as a "pecuniary burden laid upon individuals or property owners to support the government [...] a payment exacted by legislative authority." A tax "is not a voluntary payment or donation‚ but an enforced
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Income Effect The equilibrium of the consumer is obtained on the basis of the assumption that the income level of the consumer remains constant and prices of the two commodities also remain constant. When income of the consumer changes or when any price level changes the equilibrium position will be affected. When income increases‚ prices of the commodities remaining the same‚ the budget line shifts parallel to the right. This happens because there is a change in the intercept part of the equation
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2010/2011 financial years of $2‚350 and $1‚250 respectively‚ and also received income from other sources in those years ($45‚000 and $23‚000 respectively). Issues: Jack is seeking advice in regards to capital gains exemptions and reliefs that can be attributed to the sale of the property. Jack is also seeking advice in reference to offsetting his losses from his cattle farming enterprise against other assessable income that he earned in the 2010/2011 financial year. The issue of capital gains
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National Income Determination Introduction • A key objective of Macroeconomics is to explain GDP growth and its fluctuations • Therefore‚ need to understand the forces that determine GDP (“National Income”) • John Maynard Keynes in his “General Theory of Employment‚ Interest and Money” (1936) developed a model of income determination • Known as Keynesian Theory of Income Determination • Aggregate spending / demand determines the level of aggregate output Concepts and Functions Actual
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the topic of tax fraud. We will begin by introducing the basic concepts of tax fraud. Secondly‚ this paper will also delve into some of the laws that have been passed as punishment for those parties that decide to commit tax fraud. We will also highlight some of the more current examples of tax fraud that have been committed and the details that lead to the perpetrators being caught. Lastly we will discuss the role that criminal investigators have in the realm of tax fraud. Tax fraud can be
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Income inequality: Causes and Trends The distribution of wealth is extremely unequal in America and the whole world. This paper documents the growing inequality‚ and examines three reasons for its increase. The income growth for top earners is faster than income growth for the poor. This accelerated income growth for top earners would increase the income gap between top earners and the poor. In addition‚ income inequality between the poor and top earners in the US is becoming greater than in other
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If you do not think the rules/laws are adequate‚ try and come up with some more safeguards. Question #4 - 300 words · Research sales tax laws in Michigan‚ Texas‚ Ohio‚ New Jersey and California. · Discuss what the sales tax rules are in these states. · Describe which states Ellen will have to pay sales tax. · Talk about the percentages/amounts and any other rules/laws she must follow. · Feel free to give ideas on how to track sales from
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fair tax: towards a modern tax system The Smith Institute The Smith Institute is an independent think tank that has been set up to look at issues which flow from the changing relationship between social values and economic imperatives. If you would like to know more about the Smith Institute please write to: Telephone +44 (0)20 7823 4240 Fax +44 (0)20 7823 4823 Email info@smith-institute.org.uk Website www.smith-institute.org.uk fair tax: towards a modern tax system The Director
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