Introduction to the skeleton. The skeleton is essentially what holds the human body together. However the body has many other functions apart from just shaping. Support: The skeleton provides a framework for the body that supports itself and keeps organs in their place. The pelvis and leg muscles are thick and strong to support the weight of the body. Levers: The system uses the bones with joints to provide movement to the body. The bones are held together by ligaments and tendons. The tibia and
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body planes: Sagittal ( mid- & para-) Frontal (coronal) Transverse 6. Name each of the body cavities and place the following organs in the appropriate cavity: Heart lungs stomach brain spinal cord liver intestines 7. Know the location of body membranes: Visceral & parietal: pleura‚ pericardium‚ peritoneum 8. Be able to understand what is meant by and be able to use of all regional and directional anatomic terms used in this course. 9. Be able to define: pH ionic bond proton monosaccharide
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diet to stay active it also needs exercise to keep the muscles in good health as well. Exercise has both short and long term effect on the skeletal system. The short term effect that exercise has is it increases the amount of synovial fluid that is produced by the synovial membrane within the joints. This fluid keeps the joints moving with fluidity and keeps the cartilage from drying out. The long term effect that exercise has on the body is increased range of motion and increased bone density. One
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within connective tissue membrane. * 8th week of development- tissue membrane forms around developing brain. * Osteochondral progenitor cells become osteoblasts. * Osteoblasts lay down bone matrix on collagen fibers of connective tissue membrane ->trabeculae of woven bone. * Center of ossification- locations on the membrane where ossification begins. * They expand to form a bone by gradually ossifying the membrane. * Fontanels- larger membrane-covered spaces between the
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Case Study – Musculoskeletal system 1. Disscuss the role of two electrolytes in musculoskeletal function (175 words) The two electrolytes we have chosen are Calcium and Phosphate. Calcium is the main ion contributing for muscle contraction‚ Calcium flood in and act as a trigger for contraction‚ because as calcium binds to the regulatory protein on act in filaments‚ they change their shape and position on the thin elements‚ (Marieb 2009)‚ The phosphate ion‚ participates in acid base balance‚
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BIOS251 Week 7 Lab Exercise Joints To complete this worksheet‚ select: Module: Support and Movement Activity: Anatomy Overviews Title: Joints 1. a. From the main Joints page‚ click Fibrous Joints and identify each of the following structural joint types. Suture Syndesmoses Gomphosis Suture Syndesmoses Gomphosis b. Why are sutures
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Anatomy and Physiology I Exam Review‚ Units 1-4 1. The smallest structures that biologists consider being alive are A. organisms. B. organs. C. macromolecules. D. cells. E. organelles. Review levels of organization. 2. Cells contain smaller structures called ___ that carry out their metabolic functions. Review the structure of the cell and know the functions of each of the organelles. 3. Many physiological processes are controlled by self-correcting ___ loops.
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CHAPTER 3: THE MUSCULAR SYSTEM Three Types of Muscle * Muscle tissue is a collection of cells that shorten during contraction which create tension that results in movement * Tendons are touch bands of connective tissue that join muscle with bones Skeletal muscles * Muscles that are attached to bone (by tendons and other tissue) * Comprise 30 to 40% of human body weight * Humans have conscious control (conscious muscle) over these muscles (the brain can tell them what to do)
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decreasing angle of joints during contraction proximal part of esophagus doesn’t connect to bone‚ proximal (upper) conscious control is primary skeletal‚ distal is involuntary and smooth muscle T- tubules: inside is ECS‚ deep invaginations of plasma membrane in muscle cell PM is sarcolemma allows high concentration of Ca‚ like other EC spaces (IC is low) Ca floods into cell through T-tubules at uniform and fast rate Ca signals contraction Triads - t tubes with sarcoplasmic recticulum (also high
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flexible body movement. B. Anatomy of a Long Bone. The shaft‚ or the main portion of the bone‚ is called the diaphysis. The diaphysis has a large medullary cavity‚ whose walls are composed of compact bone. The medullary cavity is lined with a thin membrane called the endosteum and is filled with yellow bone marrow. The enlarged ends of a long bone are called the epiphyses. The epiphyses are composed largely of spongy bone that contains the red bone marrow. The epiphyses are covered by a thin layer
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