CHEMISTRY OF NATURAL PRODUCTS Terpenoids Sameena Bano Department of Chemistry Faculty of Science Jamia Hamdard New Delhi-110062 (24.09.2007) CONTENTS Introduction Classification of Terpenoids Isolation of mono and sesquiterpenoids General properties of Terpenoids General methods of structure elucidation Terpenoids Citral Menthol Camphor Eugenol Keywords Terpenes‚ isoprene‚ citral‚ menthol‚ camphor and eugenol 1 Introduction There are many different classes of naturally occurring
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Alcohol is a class of organic compound containing hydroxyl group‚ OH as the functional group. Alcohol can be classified as: H H H | | | R ̶ C ̶ OH R ̶ C ̶ OH R ̶ C ̶ OH | |
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Aldol Condensation: Synthesis of Dibenzalacetone Aldol Condensation: Synthesis of Dibenzalacetone Leah Monroe May 15‚ 2003 Organic Chemistry Lab II Experiment performed on May 6 and 8‚ 2003 Abstract: The purpose of this experiment was to synthesize dibenzalacetone via an aldol condensation reaction between acetone and benzaldehyde. This was done by mixing the two reactants with NaOH and ethanol‚ then allowing the reaction to sit for thirty minutes. The crystals were then washed with
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patel (rmp932) – Post-Lab 5 Acid/Base Titration – lyon – (51730) This print-out should have 25 questions. Multiple-choice questions may continue on the next column or page – find all choices before answering. 001 10.0 points Answer the question to at least six significant figures. A solution of sodium hydroxide is standardized against potassium hydrogen phthalate (KHP‚ formula weight 204.2 g/mol). From the following data‚ calculate the molarity of the NaOH solution: mass of KHP 1.404 g; buret reading
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6753_Klein_00.qxd 5/1/07 5:02 PM Page ii 6753_Klein_00.qxd 5/1/07 5:02 PM Page i 6753_Klein_00.qxd 5/1/07 5:02 PM Page ii 6753_Klein_00.qxd 5/15/07 2:14 PM Page iii ORGANIC CHEMISTRY I AS A SECOND LANGUAGE Second Edition DR. DAVID R. KLEIN Johns Hopkins University JOHN WILEY & SONS‚ INC. 6753_Klein_00.qxd 5/1/07 Marketing Manager Production Manager Production Editor Cover Designer 5:02 PM Page iv Amanda Wygal Pamela
Free Atom Chemical bond Electron
Effects on Soil The soil has abundant amount of various metals and minerals. When these metals come in contact with acid rain there can be some harmful chemical reactions. These reactions can lead to soil erosion. Acid rains are known to reduce the fertility of the soil‚ leaving the land barren. Harmful acids can also reduce the amount of soil micro organisms which perform important job of breaking down the dead and decayed plants and other beings. Rainfall: Acid soils are most often found in areas
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following experiment will study the chemical reactions of a selection of alcohols to determine the effect of the position of the OH functional group in the molecule. Hypothesis: Suppose that the primary and secondary alcohols will react with HCL and KmnO4‚ and the tertiary alcohol wont react with either HCL nor KMnO4 due to the location of the OH. The carbon that is bonded to the OH in both primary and secondary still has one or two Hydrogen atoms to undergo reactions‚ but the carbon in the tertiary alcohol
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Verify Hess’s Law 1. HCl (aq) + NaOH (aq) → NaCl (aq) + H2O (l) H+ + Cl- + Na+ + OH- → Na+ +Cl- + H2O (l) H+ + OH- → H2O (l) NH4Cl (aq) + NaOH (aq) → NH3 (aq) + NaCl (aq) + H2O (l) NH4+ + Cl- + Na+ + OH- → NH3+ + Na+ +Cl- + H2O (l) NH4++ OH- → NH3+ + H2O (l) NH3 (aq) + HCl (aq) → NH4Cl (aq) NH3+ + H+ + Cl- →NH4+ + Cl- NH3+ + H+ → NH4+ H+ + OH- → H2O (l) ∆H= -54.0 kJ/mol NH4++ OH- → NH3+ + H2O (l) (x-1) ∆H=-4.09 kJ/mol (x-1) -54.0+4.09=-49.9 NH3+ + H+ → NH4+
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Pb2+(aq.)+2Cl- (aq.) ---- PbCl2(s) Pb2+(aq.)+2OH-(aq.) ----Pb(OH)2 (s) Pb2+(aq.)+ 2NH3(aq.)+ H2O(l) --- Pb(OH)2 (s)+ 2NH4+ (aq.) Cu2+(aq.) +2OH-(aq.) ---- Cu(OH)2 (s) 2Cu2+(aq.)+SO42- (aq.) +2NH3(aq.)+2 H2O(l) ----- Cu(OH)2.CuSO4(s) +2NH4+ (aq.) Zn2+ (aq.)+ 2OH- (aq.) ---- Zn(OH)2 (s) Zn2+ (aq.)+2NH3(aq.)+ H2O(l) --- Ag2O (s)+ 2NH4+ (aq.) Fe3+ (aq.)+ 3OH- (aq.) ---- Fe(OH)3(s) Fe3+ (aq.)+ 3NH3(aq.)+ 3H2O(l) --- Fe(OH)3(s)+ 3NH4+ (aq.) Pb2+(aq.)+ CrO42-(aq.) PbCrO4(s)
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How old are you Sac ? You look young. * I’m 21 years old. What about you‚ Richie ? * Oh‚ I’m 25 years old. What are you doing here in Singapore ? * I’m studying Bachelor’s Degree in Hotel Management in SDH institute. How about you ? * I just completed my bachelor’s and waiting for the internship. Where do you live in Singapore ? * I live in Boonkeng ‚ you know purple line ? * Oh‚ really. Im also staying in Huangang and it ‘s also in purple line just 4 statons away. *
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