THE UTILITY CONCEPT THE term utility refers to satisfaction a consumer gets from whatever goods and services he consumes. It will be useful to discuss between two utility concepts: (i) total utility (ii) marginal utility Total utility attained from a commodity refers to the sum total of satisfaction which a consumer receives by consuming the various units of the commodity. The more units he consumes‚ the greater will be his total satisfaction upto a certain point. As he keeps on
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Economic theory usually differentiates across the four major types of market structure: monopoly‚ oligopoly‚ monopolistic competition‚ and perfect competition. Although the list of market structures can be virtually unlimited‚ these four types are considered to be the basis for understanding the principles of market performance in different market conditions. Each of the four types of market structures possesses its benefits and drawbacks. In any of these markets‚ an entrepreneur can develop a strategy
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company focuses on technological and competitor as external factors that influencing price setting on matcha collagen biscuits. 4.2.1 Competitor Competition factors can look into three areas which are monopoly competition‚ perfect competition and oligopoly competition. Monopolistic competition is a situation where a single company or group controls the entire output of the market for a given type of product or service with any buyers. Besides‚ a monopoly is protected from competition by high barriers
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Chapter 14 1. 4 main types of market structure based on number of firms in the industry and product differentiation: perfect competition‚ monopoly‚ oligopoly‚ and monopolistic competition. 2. A monopolist is a producer who is the sole supplier of a good without close substitutes. An industry controlled by a monopolist is a monopoly. 3. The key difference between a monopoly and a perfectly competitive industry is that an individual‚ perfectly competitive firm faces a horizontal demand curve but
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Pure Competition ANSWERS TO END-OF-CHAPTER QUESTIONS 21-1 Briefly state the basic characteristics of pure competition‚ pure monopoly‚ monopolistic competition‚ and oligopoly. Under which of these market classifications does each of the following most accurately fit? (a) a supermarket in your hometown; (b) the steel industry; (c) a Kansas wheat farm; (d) the commercial bank in which you or your family has an account; (e) the automobile industry. In each case justify your classification. Pure competition:
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Home work questions Define the following 1. Costs in economics are those things that must be given up in order to have something else. 2. Revenues are the income earned from a firm’s sale of its good or service to consumers in the product market. 3. Profit is the difference between a firm’s total revenues and its total costs. 4. Explicit costs are the monetary payments that firms make to the owners of land‚ labor‚ and capital in the resource market. (i.e. rent‚ wages and interest respectively)
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is freedom for new firms to enter the industry‚ and oligopoly. Oligopoly occurs when just a few firms between them share a large proportion of the industry. The firms may produce a virtually identical product (e.g. metals‚ chemicals‚ sugar‚ petrol). Most oligopolists‚ however‚ produce differentiated produts (e.g. cars‚ soap powder‚ soft drinks‚ electrical appliances). There are two key features of oligopoly: barriers to entry and interdependence of the firms. Barriers to entry are including economies
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perfect competition‚ monopolistic competition‚ oligopoly‚ and monopoly. Each of these four categories has its own unique characteristics. Perfect competition has an unlimited number of firms‚ while a monopoly has one single firm‚ and an oligopoly consists of a small number of interdependent firms. The demand curve of an oligopoly depends on how firms choose to deal with their interdependence with the other firms in the industry. A firm within an oligopoly market can choose to cooperate with other
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2. With reference to an industry of your choice‚ identify a real-world example of firms formally or tacitly engaging in collusion‚ taking care to fully explain the nature of the collusive conduct. Using the economic theory presented in class‚ analyse the drivers of collusion in your chosen case. Also‚ critically evaluate the effects of an eradication of collusion – which would strengthen the competition between these industry rivals – on both the welfare of consumers and the financial performance
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CVS Pharmacy is an oligopoly. It is a market structure in which a small number of organizations sell either differentiated or standardized products in which other organization’s entry is difficult. In this market structure‚ the control of the firm is limited over price of the product due to mutual interdependence (with the exception of when there is conspiracy surrounded by the organization) and in which there is a non-pricing rivalry (McConnell and Brue‚ 2004). The oligopoly turn out is the most
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