IDENTIFICATION OF CREAMY LAYER Q1. Whether the creamy layer should be excluded from the OBC reservation or not? Q2. Whether the creamy layer should be excluded in the case of SC & ST reservations or not? -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Amongst the backward classes there is a creamy layer which pertains to certain segments of the backward classes which are affluent enough to compete with the forward class. And the
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molecules which works as the protective shield for the life in the earth. It absorbs solar ultraviolet radiations and thereby protects life on the earth from several damage such as DNA mutation‚ skin cancer‚ blood cancer‚ etc. In the year 1985‚ NASA detected the thinning out of the ozone layer leading to the formation of ‘ozone hole’ in Antarctica. Since then the scientists have been regularly monitoring the thickness of the ozone layer. They have found that the thickness of the ozone layer has been
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The upper layer of the atmosphere surrounded by ozone (15 to 30 Kms) is known as ozonosphere. Ozone layer is a protective stratospheric layer‚ also known as ozone umbrella. Ozone concentration differs by about 10 ppm in stratosphere compared to 0.05 ppm in troposphere. It acts as a protective shield for the man‚ animals and plants by filtering out the lethal ultraviolet rays from reaching the earth’s surface. If the ozone layer is not there‚ the harmful ultraviolet rays will reach to the
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makes it a useful solvent for many chemical processes. The solid was already in powder form therefore we did not have to crush it but it the unknown was in a tablet form‚ one would need to reduce it to a powdery-like form in order to perform this Thin-Layer Chromatography experiment. The powder solution was thoroughly mixed with a glass rod in the test tube containing
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The Seven Layer Density Column By Nicia Buttner Grade 8 Table of Contents: Statement of purpose……………………………………. 2 Hypothesis…………………………………………………….. 3 Research……………………………………………………….. 4 Materials………………………………………………………. 5 Procedure……………………………………………………… 6 Observation and results…………………………………. 7 Conclusion…………………………………………………….. 8 Bibliography…………………………………………………... 9 Acknowledgements………………………………………… 10 Page 2 The purpose of this experiment is to compare the different
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4. The Medium Access Sub Layer Broadcast channels [or multi-access channels] are a category of networks and the key issue is how to determine who gets to use the channel when there is competition for it. The protocols which define these factors belong to a sub layer of data link layer called the MAC(medium access control)sub layer. ALOHA: Norman Abramson devised a new and elegant method to solve the channel allocation problem called the “ALOHA” system which used ground-based Radio broad
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target protocols to exploit are the Address Resolution Protocol (ARP)‚ and the Domain Name System (DNS). Steps have been taken to make these protocols more secure in order to prevent MitM attacks. Furthermore‚ the Transport Layer Security (TLS) (and its predecessor‚ Secure Sockets Layer (SSL)) mitigate the risk from MitM attacks over the internet. One of the more targeted protocols to exploit is the Address Resolution Protocol (ARP). This protocol converts
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The ozone layer diminishes more each year. As the area of polar ozone depletion (commonly called the ozone hole) gets larger‚ additional ultraviolet rays are allowed to pass through. These rays cause cancer‚ cataracts‚ and lowered immunity to diseases.1 What causes the depletion of the ozone layer? In 1970‚ Crutzen first showed that nitrogen oxides produced by decaying nitrous oxide from soil-borne microbes react catalytically with ozone hastening its depletion. His findings started
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Depletion is mainly caused by chlorofluoro carbons (CFCs)‚ halons‚ methyl chloroform and carbon tetrachloride. There substances contain chlorine or‚ bromine which‚ can reach the stratosphere. These elements are capable of catalytically breaking down ozone into oxygen. Ozone depletion can also be caused by supersonic jet exhausts. They liberate NO which reacts with 03 to form N02 and 02 The area on the earth falling under the ozone hole is unprotected from the destructive UV-radiations‚ during the ozone
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Discussion Using the Thin Layer Chromatography experiment‚ caffeine was found to be the most polar due to the fact that it stayed closer to the stationary phase. Caffeine contains four amine groups that are extremely polar as a result of the hydrogen bond and amide functional group. Acetaminophen was found to be the second most polar analgesic drug tested. Acetaminophen contains a polar alcohol group on one side and amide group on the other but also includes non-polar functional groups that consisted
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