Organic Chemistry II Lab 9 Fermentation of a Carbohydrate: Ethanol from Sucrose * Introduction Ethanol is one of the oldest alcohols and also the least toxic one. Industrially‚ ethanol is made most economically by hydration of ethylene. However‚ ethanol that is intended for human consumption must‚ by law‚ be prepared by fermentation. By either method‚ ethanol‚ of course‚ has the same formula‚ structure‚ and properties. The fermentation takes place with the assistance of enzymes from yeast
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Active Transport- the movement of substances across cell membranes from low to high concentrations‚ requiring energy and proteins that act as carriers 2. Adenosine triphosphate- chemical compound consiting of one molecule of adenine‚ one of ribose‚ and three of phosphoric acid 3. Anaphase- a late stage of cell division during which chromosomes move to the poles of the spindle 4. Benign-nonmaligment 5. Cell-basic unit of structure and function for all living things 6. Cell membrane-the membrane
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The article “UPDATE: ‘The Onion’ Has Finally Confirmed There Were No Survivors In The Challenger Disaster” by I. Newton talks about ‘The Onion’ article and their anyslition on the event. This is for the Americans and families who lost someone in the disaster to answer their questions on if anyone could survive the Challenger disaster. When things back to that event or watching a video that was recorded of the event it is very sad and terrifying that something like that happened and with this article
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Laszlo Vass‚ Ed.D. Version 42-0027-00-01 Lab Report Assistant This document is not meant to be a substitute for a formal laboratory report. The Lab Report Assistant is simply a summary of the experiment’s questions‚ diagrams if needed‚ and data tables that should be addressed in a formal lab report. The intent is to facilitate students’ writing of lab reports by providing this information in an editable
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The cell wall maintains the integrity of the cell. The cell wall helps protect the cell against the environmental changes it it allows most molecules to pass through it. This layer is composed of molecules called peptidoglycans. Just inside the cell wall is a less rigid envelope called the plasma membrane also known as the cytoplasmic membrane. In bacterial cells the plasma membrane has two primary functions: it serves as a selective barrier to molecules that are penetrating the cell wall allowing
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Determining Standard Reduction Potentials‚ Equilibrium Constants and Investigating a Lead-Acid Electrolytic Cell Purpose Experimental Methods All procedures were followed according to the lab manual (experiment 10 – Electrochemistry Laboratory). Data and Observations Part A: Grams of FeSO4 used: 0.759 Voltage during voltmeter and battery check: 9.23V Table 1. Electrochemical Cells Data Part B: Table 2. Lead-Acid Battery Results and Calculations In order to make 5ml of
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Embryonic Kidney(HEK) 293 cells were transiently transfected with pEGFP-N1(Clontech‚ Palo Alto‚ CA‚ encoding enhanced GFP as an indicator of transfection) and pEGFP-LeIF plasmids cloned at previous studies(Ghafarifar and et al‚ in press) by Calcium phosphate and non- tranfected cells was used as negative control. briefly‚ Hek-293 cells were grown at 37°C in Dulbecco’s Modified Eagle Medium (DMEM‚ Gibco) supplemented with 10% Fetal Bovine Serum (FBS‚ Gibco) and 5% CO2. Log-phase cells were employed for transfection
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EXPERIMENT NO. 1 INTRODUCTION TO LAB INSTRUMENTS. 1. BREADBOARD We should be familiar to the following things about a breadboard: * What is a breadboard and what is it used for? * How does it work? * Setting Up. * Limitations. What is a breadboard and what is it used for? A breadboard (or protoboard) is usually a construction base for prototyping of electronics. The term "breadboard" is commonly used to refer to a solderless breadboard (plugboard). It was designed by
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Chapter 12 (Part 2) Explain the principle of independent assortment and its relation to meiosis: The segregation of chromosomes in anaphase I of meiosis explains Mendel’s observation that each parent gives one allele for each trait at random to each offspring‚ regardless of whether the allele is expressed. The segregation of chromosomes at random during anaphase I explains Mendel’s observation that factors‚ or genes‚ for different traits are inherited independently of each other. Apply the
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were engulfed by the primitive ancestor of eukaryotic cells in a arrangement called endosymbiosis. Mitochondria have evolved over thousands of years‚ but still share characteristic with bacteria such as: their genome is a circular molecule ‚ have little non-coding DNA‚ and have their genes tightly packed with few intergenic regions between genes. Furthermore‚ mitochondria are organelles that contain a separate set of DNA from the rest of the cell and the body. Mitochondrion DNA contains 16‚569 nucleotides
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