objective reality within it than do those ideas through which finite substances are displayed” (Descartes‚ 27-28). This is part of his ontological argument that states that humans have an idea of an infinite‚ perfect‚ and good God even though humans are flawed and finite. Human beings can recognize an infinite because one is identified as finite. His cosmological argument of a first cause. Descartes inquires “whether it got its existence from itself or from another cause‚ until finally I arrive at
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language‚ metaphysics‚ biology‚ culture and psychology. Immanuel Kant’s ethical theory is deontological. He perceives moral duties as the law‚ unchangeable and firm. (www.pages.drexel.edu) Teleological comes from the Greek word telos meaning “end” and logos meaning “science”. (www.britannica.com) Teleological basically describes the theory that deeds are done for an external goal or purpose. Consequences‚ either good or bad‚ always play a part. Usually people who behave by this theory ask themselves
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what is said (de dicto) what exists in reality (de re)‚ Gaunilo argued that you cannot define the concept of “God” into existence. The most famous argument posed by Gaunilo was that of a perfect island which can replace the idea of God in the Ontological argument. Gaunilo argued that anyone can think of the most perfect paradise island for the notion of “the most perfect island” exists as a concept in our understanding. Gaunilo developed his argument by employing Anselm’s logic to say that for such
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– – – – – – No Absolutes Morality Depends on individual circumstances Happiness is the most important thing Quality and Quantity of Happiness need to be taken into account The Measure of Usefulness or Fittingness for purpose an action may have Teleological Ethical theories such as Utilitarianism tend to rely on the principle of utility It is the way of measuring how useful an action is in bringing about the consequences that we desire Equality The Happiness of each individual person is equally important
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does analyze the two classical arguments for the existence of God‚ namely the ontological argument and the argument from design. The two arguments belong to sharply contrasting philosophical approaches namely rationalism and empiricism. The ontological argument is based on rationalism and uses reasoning (much in the same way as mathematics) to make its case for the existence of God and is thus a priori. The ontological argument uses opposite contradiction to prove the existence of a being than
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Analysis of William Lane Craig’s The Existence of God and the Beginning of the Universe The cosmological Argument for God states that 1. the universe began to exist 2. everything that begins to exist has a cause 3. Therefore‚ the universe must have a cause. This argument has been subject to great applause through the religious community for its simplistic and impactful articulation. However the cosmological argument is also opposed by atheists who fail to find substance and empirical evidence within
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DOCUMENTO DE TRABAJO N° 19 Deliberative Democracy and the Politics of Reason Maria Esperanza Casullo Agosto de 2007 1 Documento de Trabajo N° 19 María Esperanza Casullo 2007 SERIE “DOCUMENTOS DE TRABAJO” ESCUELA DE POLITICA Y GOBIERNO Universidad Nacional de San Martín www.unsam.edu.ar SERIE “DOCUMENTO DE TRABAJO” DE LA ESCUELA POLITICA Y GOBIERNO DE LA UNIVERSIDAD NACIONAL DE SAN MARTIN La serie de Documentos de Trabajo refleja parte de las actividades de investigación la
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PHIL 201 Study Guide Lesson 4: Making Claims and Defining Terms Points: A) The seven preliminary matters in preparing to philosophize – 1) Philosophizing involves four psychological traits that improve effective communication: the courage to examine one’s cherished beliefs critically‚ a willingness to advance tentative hypotheses and to take the first step in reacting to a philosophical claim‚ no matter how foolish that reaction might seem at the time‚ a desire to place the
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the criminal justice system. The ethics that will be discussed in this team project concerning the decision made with Brian the Juvenile youth are as follows: the situation based on ethical relativism‚ ethical egoism‚ deontological ethics and teleological ethics. There is a very fine line when taking action in today’s juvenile youth system. The laws are different concerning youth; therefore‚ every ethical situation is different and can be detrimental to the staff and the youth involved. This situation
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slavery the abolition of physical punishment the right to divorce free trade usury the decriminalization of homosexual acts Teleological/Consequential A group of philosophers argue that whether something is right or wrong depends on the result or end of that action. Theories that are interested in ends are called teleological‚ from the Greek word for ’end’. For a teleological ethical thinker‚ the end justifies the means. You decide the rightness of an action by the end it produces. A choice that results
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