Title Stand-up comedy industry Thesis 1: From an industrial organization point of view‚ the stand-up comedy market structure in the 1980s can be characterized as an oligopoly “The structure of a market‚ thus how a market is functioning‚ “ is the concept behind the industrial organization theory”. The Industrial Organization (IO) theory is about‚ how a structure of a market has an influence on the strategy and decision making of a company.” 1 The theory therefore focusses on the market wherein
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2. With reference to an industry of your choice‚ identify a real-world example of firms formally or tacitly engaging in collusion‚ taking care to fully explain the nature of the collusive conduct. Using the economic theory presented in class‚ analyse the drivers of collusion in your chosen case. Also‚ critically evaluate the effects of an eradication of collusion – which would strengthen the competition between these industry rivals – on both the welfare of consumers and the financial performance
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INTRODUZIONE Le TEORIE DELL’OLIGOPOLIO studiano settori in cui si verificano situazioni intermedie tra le due forme di mercato “pure”‚ CONCORRENZA PERFETTA e MONOPOLIO‚ la cui caratteristica comune‚ che nasce dalla competizione tra un numero limitato di produttori‚ è l’influenza che le scelte di ciascuna impresa determinano sulle scelte delle altre modificandone i profitti; l’analisi in questione consiste quindi nell’attenta ricostruzione dell’interazione che si determina fra tutte le imprese
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MARKET STRUCTURES – OLIGOPOLY (I) ASSUMPTIONS 1. A few dominant firms How to measure whether an industry exhibits oligopoly : 2. Differentiated products 3. Relatively high barriers to entry 4. Strategic behavior • • is used to study strategic behavior 5. Many models to describe oligopoly • Kinked demand curve • Duopoly : Cournot‚ Stakleberg‚ Bertrand • Price leadership (II) STRATEGIC BEHAVIOR (1) Collusive agreements and Cartels Collusive agreements is defined
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“Oligopolistic interdependence creates uncertainty‚ which in turn may promote collusive action” Oligopoly is a specific type of market within business. The markets within an oligopoly are controlled by a small number of large and powerful companies; contrast to a monopoly (where the market is controlled by a single company‚ allowing it full control of the market and its respective conditions – e.g. price & availability) and perfect competition (where numerous businesses of parallel aptitude
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(i) Collusion is common among oligopoly firms. Discuss the factors that make collusion likely to succeed. Use the relevant industry to support your answer. Oligopolistic firms are known to be independent as there are only a few sellers dominating the market; therefore changes in the price‚ sales or output of a firm will surely affect their competitors. The telecommunication industry in Malaysia exhibits the oligopoly market. For instance‚ Maxis or Digi customers are more likely to subscribe to Celcom
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Oligopoly In a oligopoly market structure‚ there are a few interdependent firms that change their prices according to their competitors. Ex: If Coca Cola changes their price‚ Pepsi is also likely to. Characteristics: * Few interdependent firms * A few barriers to entry * Products are similar‚ but firms try to differentiate them * There is branding and advertising * Imperfect knowledge (where customers don’t know the best price or availability) Revenue Curves Total Revenue
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their mutual benefit. Collusion most often takes place within the market structure of oligopoly‚ where the decision of a few firms to collude can significantly impact the market as a whole. Cartels are a special case of explicit collusion. Collusion which is not overt‚ on the other hand‚ is known as tacit collusion. How is OPEC a collusive oligopoly? Answer: OPEC is a collection of oil exporting countries. Oligopoly - Industry that is controlled by a few major players (firms or countries) Collusion
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When economists analyze the productivity and profitability of a firm‚ they take into account the structure of the market where the firm is operating. Classically‚ there are four main types of market: Perfect Competition‚ Monopolistic Competition‚ Oligopoly and Monopoly. They differ in terms of firm’s size and number‚ the barriers of entry and exit‚ the degree to which firms ’ products are differentiated‚ and the extent of information transparency‚ which is the availability of information to both buyers
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sellers. The market structure of the industry helps to determine its ability to set prices and make profits. The UK airline industry contains a number of different types of companies from budget airlines to private jets‚ but is essentially is an Oligopoly. This is due to the very high barriers to entry and the relatively small number of large firms due to this. Within the UK airline industry there is potential for collusion due to the small amount of large companies which means that there is
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