Learning theory argues that attachments are based on the principal of operant and classical conditioning; our first attachments are usually formed with our care giver‚ the person who feeds‚ changes and cuddles us. Classical conditioning is based on association‚ for example if a child is hungry them the milk from is the unconditioned stimulus which cause and unconditioned response of relief form its discomfort. This isn’t learned by the child it’s a natural response; however over time the pleasure
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Skinner believes that the best way to understand behavior is to look at the causes of an action and its consequences. He believes that behaviors are depending on what happens after the response this is what Skinner calls Operant conditioning. Skinner invented the Operant conditioning chamber which is known as the Skinner box. The Skinner box was invented to study animals such as rats. This box contained a lever and food or water which they will receive as a reward if they press the lever. Skinner also
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points and learning objectives By the end of this chapter you will be able to: q q q q q understand the components of classical conditioning; provide an example of how classical conditioning helps explain workplace behaviour; understand the basic components of operant conditioning; detail the schedules of reinforcement; provide some examples of how operant conditioning helps explain workplace behaviour; discuss the idea of a ‘technology of behaviour’; give examples of a ‘technology of behaviour’
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Theories of attachment 1) “cupboard love” theories – psychodynamic/behaviourists 2) The ethological approach 3) Bowlbys evolutionary theory 4) Social learning theory Studying attachments and their loss can help us understand how early relationship experiences can affect later development What is attachment? An intense emotional relationship that is specific to two people that endure over time. Prolonged separation brings stress and sorrow 1‚ “cupboard love” theory – psychodynamic
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EXAM 3 Study Guide NOTE: Chapters 5‚ 6‚ 7 will be on the exam. YOU KNOW YOU ARE READY FOR THE TEST IF YOU ARE ABLE TO... • Define learning. • Explain what classical conditioning is‚ how it works‚ and how it was discovered. • Describe the mechanisms of operant conditioning‚ its application in the real world‚ and the researchers who contributed to our understanding of the process. • Define observational learning and describe Bandura’s classic experiments in the area of observational
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/measurable behaviors.-adoption of experimental method to study behaviors. BASIC PREMISE of behaviorism-personality shaped by experience. Result of conditioned stimulus & reinforced behaviors Classical Conditioning- associate 2 stimuli & response (little Albert) Operant conditioning- associate behavior & consequence. behaviors rewarded increased; behaviors punished decrease. behavior operates to produce consequence. Any response that increases a behavior. Reinforcement A. Primary-
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Outline/Annotated Bibliography 2 1. Classical Conditioning- “allows preparation for forthcoming events” (Lieberman‚ D.A. (2012) A. Learned Reflexive Response - “Many phobias begin after a person has had a negative experience with the fear object.” (What is a Conditioned Response~About.com) B. Learning is a change in behavior due to the organism ’s experience with the environment. The simplest form of learning is conditioning‚ which can be reduced to a basic reflex relationship between
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psychologists use this in different ways. The behavioural theory is based on two main factors being biological drives such as primitive needs and sex drive and what is learnt. The three main principles in the behavioural theory are Stimuli‚ response and conditioning. Behaviour is believed to be a conditioned response to an environmental stimulus. Individuals are obliged to react to stimuli using their senses such as seeing and hearing. There are short lived unlearned behaviours such as suckling and unlearned
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This model is composed of two parts‚ classical conditioning and operant conditioning‚ and behaviorists believes all types of abnormal fear are learned through conditioning. In classical conditioning‚ the subject learned to associates neutral stimuli with an unconditioned stimuli‚ so the presence of only neutral stimuli would have elicit a response due to association. In operant conditioning‚ an individual learned to associates between a distinct behavior and a particular
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Tri-Component Attitude Model Tri- Attitude Attitude (aka‚ The ABC Model) Affect (Emotions): A lasting evaluation of an object. lasting – The way a consumer feels about an attitude object. Object Object evaluations are generally unidirectional‚ although ambivalence is possible. Behaviour (Connative): – Consumer’s intent to do something in relation to an attitude object. Cognition (Beliefs): – Thoughts a consumer has about an attitude object. Attitude Functions
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