Token economy programmes are a form of behaviour modification based on the principles of operant conditioning. They are used in prisons to encourage the reduction of anti-social behaviour and criminal behaviour; they involve awarding tokens to offenders if a desired behaviour is performed. The tokens may then be exchanged for various rewards. The aim is for the desired behaviour to be repeated. As a treatment it involves setting out a range of desirable behaviours and reinforcing the offender whenever
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you to sneeze. The feather tickling your nose is the unconditioned stimulus. * Pollen from grass and flowers causes you to sneeze. The pollen from the grass and flowers is the unconditioned stimulus. Unconditioned Response? In classical conditioning‚ the unconditioned response is the unlearned response that occurs naturally in response to the unconditioned stimulus. For example‚ if the smell of food is the unconditioned stimulus‚ the feeling of hunger in response to the smell of food is the
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This means that if a behaviour is associated with a positive outcome it is likely to be repeated‚ but if is associated with a negative one it is unlikely to be repeated. The three types of learning are classical conditioning‚ operant conditioning and social learning. Classical conditioning is learning by association. An abnormal behaviour can be acquired by associating an environmental stimulus (e.g. a dog) with a biological response (e.g. pain and fear when bitten) so that every time a person that
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INTRODUCTION The first large scale electrical air conditioning was inverted by Willis Havilland Carrier in July 17‚1902 at Buffalo‚ NewYork‚ just one year after he graduated from Cornell university with a masters in engineering. In 1928‚WillisHavilland Carrierimproved and developed the residential air conditioner for private home used which call “weather make”. Air conditioner‚ namely AC or air-con consists of 4 types of systems‚ which are window air conditioner‚split air conditioner ‚ packaged
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Quiz 3 – Review Sheet MKG 400 – Spring 2013 Study Suggestions 1. Read the extra reading (Ad Agency Organization‚ Media Planning‚ Communication Process‚ Objectives and Budgeting and Consumer Behavior) 2. Then‚ focus on the following quiz review topics and understand the concepts thoroughly (Use class notes: especially blank slides) Questions for the third quiz will be asked about the following topics: Short Answers and Essays
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Please use the Green Scantron Chapter 4 Perception‚ Attribution‚ and the Management of Diversity 1) When managers become aware of evidence of potential discrimination‚ they should do all of the following EXCEPT ________. A) pay immediate attention to the problem B) act proactively to address the potential problem C) review the organization’s policies and practices D) treat the potential discriminator unfairly 2) ________ is whatever the perceiver is trying to make sense of. A) The
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Behavior modification is based on the principles of operant conditioning‚ which were developed by American behaviorist B.F. Skinner. In his research‚ he put a rat in a cage later known as the Skinner Box‚ in which the rat could receive a food pellet by pressing on a bar. The food reward acted as a reinforcement by strengthening the rat’s bar-pressing behavior. Skinner studied how the rat’s behavior changed in response to differing patterns of reinforcement. By studying the way the rats operated on
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discomfort an example of this is hunger‚ pain or them being cold. This theory believes that attachments are formed with either Operant conditioning or Classical Conditioning. Classical conditioning is when a baby learns through association and also connects one thing with another; an example of this is when the baby associates the mother to be getting fed. Operant conditioning is when a baby learns through reinforcement and also when they learn through consequences of behaviour; when they are rewarded
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widely known and used in households and schools all over the world to good effect. B.F. Skinner believed that operant conditioning was the best way to understand behavior. Operant conditioning is a method of learning‚ where rewards and punishments are given for different types of behavior. This way of learning associates behavior with a consequence for that behavior. Operant conditioning is based on a system of positive and negative reinforcement. Both positive and negative reinforcement can be
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Classical Conditioning Experiment Hypothesis: If the spoon taps the glass of water after several trials of chiming and switching off the light‚ then the participant’s pupils should dilate to the chime of the glass without turning off the light. Procedure: First‚ I sat on the bathroom counter with my sister and had a spoon and a glass of water. The light switch was nearby and the room was dimly lit. Then‚ I turned off the light to see how much her eyes would dilate under normal conditions. After
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