Phobias and Addictions Briana Lee PSYC/300 June 14‚ 2011 Kaisa Freeman Phobias and Addictions Two emotional difficulties that learning theorists can account for are phobias and addictions. Through the use of both operant and classical conditioning‚ theorist may one day be able to understand phobias and addictions and guide sufferers to a place of better mental health. At the moment‚ theorists believe that sufferers are at the point of making irrational choices. Theorists hope is that
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behaviorist- Learning is a relatively permanent change in behavior that arises from practice or experience. *By cognitive psychologists- define learning as a mental change that may or may not be associated with changes in behavior. Classical Conditioning -is a simple form of associative learning that enables organisms to anticipate events. *Stimulus- an environmental condition that elicits a response. *Pavlov discovered that reflexes can also be learned‚ or conditioned‚ by association. -The
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When you think of punishment and reward you think of a reaction; but man has come up with theories of why we do the things that we can do. Conditioning and learning is defined as change in behavior‚ which is resulted by different types of practices and experiences. In this report the main topics will be classical conditioning‚ operant conditioning‚ cognitive-social learning‚ and neuroscience and evolution. Every time we do something good or bad the outcome determines our reactions in future situations
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Chapter Five: Learning Classical Conditioning Definition of Learning - the process by which experience or practice results in a relatively permanent change in behavior or potential behavior Pavlov’s Conditioning Russian psychologist Ivan Pavlov accidentally hit upon classical conditioning by studying digestive processes of dogs Trained the dogs to salivate at the sound of a bell by presenting the sound just before food was brought into the room Eventually the dogs began to salivate at
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believed that complex thoughts resulted from the accumulation of many different associations. B. F. Skinner: (1904-1990) Influential 20th-century American psychologist who first promoted radical behaviorism and pioneered the operant experiment and the study of operant conditioning. British Empiricists: British philosophers (including John Locke and David Hume) who proposed that the mind is built up from a person’s experiences. Charles Darwin: (1809-1882) British biologist who proposed the theory of
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often learns things through some form of conditioning. Often the learning comes from a cause and effect type relationship between one event and another. At times a person also learns from observing events. The writer will discuss the learning experience of David and how every time a can of sardines is presented to the subject a feeling of nausea occurs. The writer will explain how this learning experience could have been classical conditioning‚ operant conditioning‚ and cognitive learning. The first
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Week 2 Knowledge Check Concepts Mastery Score: 16/16 Questions Classical Conditioning 100% 1 2 3 10 12 Operant Conditioning 100% 4 5 6 11 13 Extinction 100% 7 8 9 Cognitive-Social Learning Theory 100% 14 CognitiveâSocial Learning Theory 100% 15 10 12 16 Concept: Classical Conditioning Concepts Classical Conditioning Mastery 100% Questions 1 2 3 1.As you drive down the street‚ a small rock hits your windshield. You know that the small rock is not going to break
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a-process‚ is an almost reflexive increase or decrease in some response. • The second‚ called the b-process‚ causes an opposite or opposing response. • The opponent-process theory has been used to explain drug-tolerance development. CLASSICAL CONDITIONING PAVLOV’S DISCOVERY PAVLOV EXPERIMENT PHASES • During phase 1 - a natural reflex and neutral stimulus was established • In phase 2 - unconditional stimulus was paired with a conditioned stimulus • In phase 3 - a conditional stimulus was used
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B). Operant conditioning: When a teacher rewards good behavior with a token‚ and students can exchange these tokens for extra rewards. Classical conditioning: In animal training‚ a trainer might utilize classical conditioning by repeatedly pairing the sound of a clicker with the taste of food. Eventually‚ the sound of the clicker alone will begin to produce the same response that the taste of food would. Observational learning: When you learn how to open a lock with a key by watching your parents
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Analyzing Conditioning in the Film Searching for Bobby Fischer The main character‚ Josh Waitzkin‚ in the movie Searching for Bobby Fischer‚ has learned about the game of chess and the consequences of winning and losing through operant and observational conditioning. Operant conditioning‚ according to The Free Dictionary‚ is “a process of behavior modification in which the likelihood of a specific behavior is increased or decreased through positive or negative reinforcement each time the behavior
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