effective than the other‚ and some therapies have been modified of enhanced to better treat a patient. Behavioural psychology‚ also known as behaviourism‚ is a theory of learning based upon the idea that all behaviours are acquired through conditioning. Conditioning occurs through interaction with the environment. According to behaviourism‚ behaviour can be studied in a systematic and observable manner with no consideration of internal mental processes. As human beings we are driven to understand who
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place it directly in the toy box. This does not include placing it in front of‚ to the side of‚ or behind the toy box‚ and does not include throwing or kicking the toys into the toy box. 2. Define Operant Conditioning and discuss how this method works to increase desired behavior. Operant conditioning is a type of learning that takes place through reinforcements and punishments of behavior. As a result of the consequences‚ the frequency of the behavior either increases (reinforcement) or decreases
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therapy is defined as “the use of basic learning techniques‚ such as conditioning‚ biofeedback‚ reinforcement‚ or aversion therapy‚ to alter human behavior.” Behavioral therapy is not only used in adults‚ but often in children and animals. It is helpful to people who have phobias‚ attention deficit hyperactive disorder (ADHD)‚ obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD)‚ and much more. Behavior modification is based on operant conditioning and classical condition. It can be aided by techniques such as implosion
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and that which has a scientific basis.² B. F. Skinner’s discoveries‚ which came to be known as operant conditioning‚ expanded on classical conditioning to include the ways organisms “operate” on the environment in order to gain rewards and avoid negative consequences. Operant conditioning essentially means learning controlled by the consequences of the organism’s behavior. Although operant conditioning isn’t entirely responsible for superstitions‚ it definitely plays an important role. Superstitious
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and set out to further investigate the conditioning process. 4.Classical conditioning‚ where an original stimulus elicits an automatic unlearned response both stimulus and response happen naturally‚ they are unconditioned. * Then second neutral stimulus that never elicits the unconditional response by itself is introduced just before the presentation of the original stimulus. If the neutral or signaling stimulus were still there‚ we say that conditioning has taken place. * The arbitrary
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of the specific phobia. Regardless how a phobia is acquired the individual suffering with this type of anxiety disorder identifies the phobia as real and at times can become debilitating. In this case study of Sally‚ the topics of operant and classical conditioning and observational behavior are explored as it pertains to the case of Sally and her fear of dogs. In addition‚ this paper will attempt to explore the different therapies that may be conducive to helping Sally learn to identify and cope
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informal teaching has taught me over the period not to go in dark and vacant places and I have become extra cautious in such situations. The fear of the dark can be acquired through classical conditioning "There is not and never has been any convincing evidence for unconscious‚ automatic mechanism in the conditioning of adult human beings”. (Brewer 1974‚ p.27) The dark street is the unconditioned stimulus (UCS) which is the environment accountable for the response. The unconditioned response (UCR) is
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Ques. Explain the Role Play method. As a trainer where would you like to use the method and what terminal objectives would the method achieve? Ans. Role play is a learning activity in which participants play out roles in a simulated situation. Role plays provide a highly motivational climate because participants are actively involved in a realistic situation. The trainer prepares the role – briefs and briefs the role- players about what they would do before the remaining members of the group. Each
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knowledge base‚ sometimes reinterpreting these new experiences so that they will fit in with previously existing information. Conditioned response (CR) In classical conditioning‚ a response elicited by some previously neutral stimulus that occurs as a result of pairing the neutral stimulus with an unconditioned stimulus. In classical conditioning‚ the conditioned response is the learned response to the previously neutral stimulus. For example‚
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can be thought of as consisting of three components: classical conditioning‚ operant conditioning‚ and cognitive-social learning. Classical conditioning is a basic form of learning in which an organism involuntarily learns to associate stimuli. A previously neutral stimulus is paired with an unconditioned stimulus to elicit a conditioned response that is identical or very similar to the unconditioned response. Classical conditioning is considered to be a main factor in prejudice because the behavior
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