Compare and Contrast Key Perspectives in Psychology Psychology literally means the study of the mind‚ translated from Ancient Greek as psyche‚ meaning “mind” or “soul” and logia‚ meaning “study”. The most accurate description of psychology is that it is the science of mind and behaviour (Collin et al‚ 2011). Psychology evolved from philosophy and can be dated back to the time of Ancient Greek philosophers‚ such as Plato and Aristotle (325 BCE). Studying the nature of subjects such as the memory‚
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Indicated that digestive processes could be stimulated without direct contact. -He then focused his research on how connections were made between environment stimuli and reflex reactions. This type of learning became know as Classical Conditioning. -Classical conditioning is concerned with stimuli that evoke involuntary or automatic responses. Edward L. Thorndike (1874-1949) -Not concerned with reflex responses like Pavlov. -Focused on the learning of new behavior. -Well known for his research involving
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While social learning theory subscribes to an operant view that learning takes place as a result of direct environmental effects‚ it also accentuates that learning can also occur vicariously through observation of social‚ environmental effects of other people’s consequence (Bandura‚ 1969). “Behavior
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Psychological Questions: nature / nurture • What does intelligence define? • Why do we dream • Can babies think? • In what ways are all humans alike? Psych: • The scientific study of behaviors & mental processes o Bridges natural and social science Behavior: anything an organism does Mental Processes mental subjective experiences that we infer from experience o Evaluation of ideas. 8 psychological perspectives: • Neural Explanations: increase/decrease w/ neurons in the brain • Genetic
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known as Classical Conditioning (“Behaviorism”‚ 2011). Classical conditioning occurs‚ when a stimulus (possibly a conditioned stimulus‚ CS) elites and unconditioned response (US)‚ or a reflex. Conditioning stimulus (CS) is ignited through environmental factors‚ in Bill’s case the CS could be people cracking jokes‚ or incorporating humor during Bill’s speech can stimulate a natural response or reflex (US) such as shame‚ and embracement in Bill. According to classical conditioning‚ Bill’s phobia is
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to how people are expected to behave in a particular role or context while‚ social norms involve society ’s rules for what behaviors are considered appropriate. Attitudes can be learned in a variety of ways for example‚ advertisers use classical conditioning to influence an individual’s attitude toward a particular product. A television commercial will show young‚ beautiful people having fun on a tropical beach while enjoying a sport drink. Therefore‚ this attractive and appealing imagery may cause
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including abnormality – is learnt. It suggests that we have very few innate characteristics that we are born with. According to the behavioural model there are three ways in which we learn‚ these include classical + operant conditioning and social learning theory. Classical conditioning is learning by associated‚ this is when we create a new stimulus response link by associating one stimulus to a response. For example little albert was conditioned to have a phobia of white fluffy objects. Psychologists
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insight or tool for teachers to improve their practice and ultimately promote inclusive learning for all students. Many examples of different teaching theories are evident across academic literature. Examples of these include Classical and Operant conditioning‚ Kolb’s learning cycle‚ Gagnes 9 events of instruction‚
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Mr. Byrne predicaments in terms of operant conditioning principles can be used to help classroom behavior. Operant Behavior is behavior that operates on the environment‚ producing consequences. Unconditioned Stimulus (US) is classical conditioning a stimulus that unconditionally‚ naturally‚ and automatically triggers a response. Unconditioned Response (UR) is classical conditioning to the naturally occurring response to the unconditioned stimulus (US)‚ such as salivation when food is in the mouth
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Describe the behaviourist approach in psychology and evaluate the research methods used by behaviourist psychologists. The behaviourist approach in psychology states that all behaviour is learnt from experience and from the environment we are in. John Locke (1690) a psychologist described the mind as ‘Tabula Rasa’‚ believing when we are born our minds are completely blank slates‚ and that all of our behaviour is dependent upon our interactions and experiences with the environment. Behaviourists
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