Retrieved from database Business Source Complete. Kirton‚ G.‚ & Greene‚ A. (2009). The costs and opportunities of doing diversity work in mainstream organisations. Human Resource Management Journal‚ 19(2)‚ 159-175. doi: 10.1111/j.1748-8583.2009.00091.x Lockett‚ T. (2003). The costs and benefits of diversity. Retrieved from http://www.diversityatwork.net/NL/Docs/CostsBenefExSum.pdf Norton‚ S. (2000). The Cost of Diversity: Endogenous Property Rights and Growth. Constitutional Political Economy‚ 11(4)
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is not sure about the difference between cost accounting and a cost accounting system. Explain the difference to Joe. (b) What is an important feature of a cost accounting system? 2. (a) Distinguish between the two types of cost accounting systems. (b) May a company use both types of cost accounting systems? 3. What type of industry is likely to use a job order cost system? Give some examples. 4. What type of industry is likely to use a process cost system? Give some examples. 5. Your roommate
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BT 365 COST PLANNING AND CONTROL Lecturer: J.K. Ofori-Kuragu September‚ 2006 Course Objectives / Course Outline: At the end of this course‚ you will know: 1. What Cost Control is. 2. Purposes of Cost control. 3. Elements of Cost Control 4. The Introduction to Cost Control Systems. 5. Cost Analysis and Cost planning 6. Costs in Use 7. Introduction to Value Engineering Recommended Texts • A. Ashworth Cost Studies of Buildings • Ivor Seeley
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Decision Making 13.3 Types of Costs 13.4 Types of Choices Decisions 13.5 Make or Buy Decisions 13.6 Addition / Discontinuance of a Product line 13.7 Sell or Process Further 13.8 Operate or Shut down 13.9 Exploring New Markets 13.10 Maintaining a desired level of profit 13.11 Summary 13.12 Terminal Questions 13.13 Answers to SAQs and TQs 13.1 Introduction In the previous unit we learnt about Marginal Costing. Marginal costing is the ascertainment of marginal cost and of the effect on profit
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Micro vs. Macro Economics Micro-indiidual consumers/firms Macro-economic aggregates-GDP‚ inflations‚ unemployment Markets-opportunity for exchange 1) Opportunity Costs-value of the next best for gone alternative when a decision is made -all decisions involve an opportunity cost (assuming the firm operates efficiently) 2) Marginal Analysis-analyze situations involving incremental change -marginal: something is changing by a small amount (incremental/one-unit change) 3) Laws of supply and
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Transaction cost theory states that the goal of an organization is to minimize the costs of exchanging resources in the environment and the costs of managing exchanges inside the organization. Transaction costs are defined as the costs of negotiating‚ monitoring‚ and governing exchanges between people Transaction costs result from a combination of human and environmental factors Transaction costs result from a combination of human and environmental factors: Opportunism
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Implement the decision‚ evaluate performance‚ and learn An example of interdependencies include absenteeism/low employee morale and increased labour costs. 11‐2 Relevant costs are expected future costs that differ among the alternative courses of action being considered. Historical costs are irrelevant because they are past costs and‚ therefore‚ cannot differ among alternative future courses of action. 11‐3 Quantitative factors are outcomes that are measured in numerical
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Lecture on Production and Cost of Production Basic Economics Production is the transformation of inputs into outputs. Production Function shows the relationship between quantities of various inputs that can be produced with those inputs per unit of time expressed in a table‚ graph or an equation. Q = f (K ‚L) given a technology Where: K = Capital and L = Labor Periods of Production 1. Short – run – the use of at the least one factor of production cannot be changed‚ or there are
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relationship between changes in activity and changes in total revenue‚ expenses and net profit’ (Drury‚ 2000)‚ it is a very useful tool for managers to consider cost structure and price setting. When used in computer applications the method helps managers to make decisions based on the results by varying different variables such as selling price‚ variables cost‚ etc. This altering of variables to determine the net effect of changing original estimates is called sensitivity analysis. Using the computerized application
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Cost Accounting Cost accounting is a step further to and a refinement of financial accounting in which cost of manufacturing and selling each product or job or rendering service is determined‚ not at the time of accounting period but at the time when the product is manufactured or any service is rendered. In simple words‚ costing is a systematic procedure for determining the unit cost of output produced or services rendered. It provides for an analysis of the expenditure which enables the management to
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