feedback control - 8.1 8. FEEDBACK CONTROL SYSTEMS Topics: • Transfer functions‚ block diagrams and simplification • Feedback controllers • Control system design Objectives: • To be able to represent a control system with block diagrams. • To be able to select controller parameters to meet design objectives. 8.1 INTRODUCTION Every engineered component has some function. A function can be described as a transformation of inputs to outputs. For example it could be an amplifier that
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FEEDBACK AMPLIFIER FEED BACK: The process of applying a fraction of output energy of some device back to the input is known as feedback. FEEDBACK AMPLIFIER: The amplifier using feed back process is called feedback amplifier. TYPES OF FEEDBACK AMPLIFIER: There are two types of feedback amplifier: a)Positive feedback amplifier b)Negative feedback amplifier POSITIVE FEEDBACK AMPLIFIER: >The amplifier in which feedback energy is applied in the same polarity or in same phase is called
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Positive feedback Positive feedback is a mechanism by which an output is enhanced‚ such as protein levels. However‚ in order to avoid any fluctuation in the protein level‚ the mechanism is inhibited stochastically (I)‚ therefore when the concentration of the activated protein (A) is past the threshold ([I])‚ the loop mechanism is activated and the concentration of A increases exponentially if d[A]=k [A] Positive feedback mechanisms are designed to accelerate or enhance the output created by a stimulus
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Executive Summary Optical fibres are being increasingly used in the telecommunications industry. They are slowly replacing the conventional copper cables due their superior ‘data transmission’ properties. They transmit data via light pulses within glass or plastic strands. Fibre optics fit the material requirements for good data transmission since they are ability to transmit and preserve quality of signals‚ durable and cost-effective. Some of the current materials employed within the industry
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ABSTRACT Title of Thesis: FREE-SPACE OPTICAL COMMUNICAITONS THROUGH A FOREST CANOPY Clinton Lee Edwards‚ Master of Science‚ 2004 Thesis Directed By: Professor Christopher C. Davis‚ Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering This paper models the effects of the leaves of mature broadleaf trees on air-to-ground free-space optical (FSO) communication systems operating through the leaf canopy. Ecological radiation transfer models are considered and the concept of Leaf Area Index
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Feedback Mechanisms How do organisms regulate complex systems through chemical interactions? Why? The heating system of a house works to keep the temperature constant. If the house gets too cold‚ then the heat automatically turns on to warm the house. The heat stops when the preset temperature is reached. This is an example of a feedback mechanism. Organisms use many feedback mechanisms to either maintain or amplify important chemical systems. This could happen at a molecular level to coordinate
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Effective feedback Berne suggest that « if we cannot receive any positive strokes we will look for negative strokes (Reece I‚ Walker S‚ 2002 :377). I learned that any positive or negative feedback in the classroom is better than ignoring the students. In my French classes‚ students need confidence to communicate in a foreign language. Students come to a course with previous learning experiences which may sometimes have been negative. I try to ensure that they feel comfortable and secure when they
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Listening and Feedback 4.3 One of the most common causes of work related conflict is lack of communication between co-workers. Good communication skills are essential in just about any workplace. My strategy would be an active listener; it is the most important communication skill you can acquire. By listening intently and not allow my mind to wonder off during a conversation with a co-worker or friend. I can ensure that I will retain the important information being discussed. If the conversation
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Optical illusions are all around us(explain). The brain remembers what it has seen before‚ then when it sees something similar it takes shortcuts when looking at a new images. This causes the brain to make mistakes and creates optical illusions. An optical illusion is a misleading image that deceives the eye. Different people see optical illusions differently because of their previous experiences. Previous experiences help the brain interpret what it sees. If your previous experiences determine
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Optical Storage Devices • An optical disk is a high-capacity storage medium. An optical drive uses reflected light to read data. • To store data‚ the disk’s metal surface is covered with tiny dents (pits) and flat spots (lands)‚ which cause light to be reflected differently. • When an optical drive shines light into a pit‚ the light cannot be reflected back. This represents a bit value of 0 (off). A land reflects light back to its source‚ Representing a bit value of 1 (on)
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