TERM PAPER ON MATERIALS REQUIRED‚ PROCESSING INVOLVED AND REVIEW OF EFFICIENCY IMPROVEMENT METHODS FOR ORGANIC SOLAR CELLS BASED ON SMALL MOLECULES MSE 681 - SOLAR ENERGY TECHNOLOGIES AND MATERIALS Instruction Credentials: Dr. Ashish GargIIT KANPUR Group-III members: Bukke Srinivas Naik -10203. Prashant Kumar Mehta -10525 Introduction and background: Why does organic solar cells have made an entry into the semiconductor industry? What benefits they provide us over the pre-existing solar
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Chemical Bonding Chemical compounds are formed by the joining of two or more atoms. A stable compound occurs when the total energy of the combination has lower energy than the separated atoms. The bound state implies a net attractive force between the atoms ... a chemical bond. The two extreme cases of chemical bonds are: Covalent bond: bond in which one or more pairs of electrons are shared by two atoms. Ionic bond: bond in which one or more electrons from one atom are removed and attached to
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Johannes Kepler was born December 27‚ 1571. He was a German mathematician‚ astronomer‚ astrologer‚ and a key figure in the seventeenth century. He is best known for his eponymous laws of planetary motion. He believed that God had created the world according to an intelligible plan that through the natural light of reason. Kepler’s first major astronomical work‚ Mysterium Cosmographicum‚ was the first published defense of the Copernican system. On July nineteenth 1595 he had an epiphany. He realized
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What do racism‚ poverty‚ and violence have in common? They all result from one major problem: lack of education. Lack of education is a problem that has plagued many nations for years. Once in this crisis‚ it takes a long time to recover and rebuild a nation that can rise above the problems that illiteracy causes. This social issue is very prevalent in reality and many books focus on this point. The Kite Runner‚ by Khaled Hosseini‚ accurately depicts the problems of poverty and ignorance caused by
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rarely as the metal. Why these elements are rarely found as the metal? (Refer to the relative measurements tabulated in the form of electronegativities‚ ionization energies‚ or reduction potentials). These are due to the fact that their outer most orbital (ns1 valence electron configuration) has tendency to lose electron very easily and make stable configuration. The single valence electron is relatively far from the nucleus‚ only weak attractions exist in the solid between delocalized electrons and
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Ab initio study of ground and excited states of 6Li40Ca and 6Li88Sr molecules Geetha Gopakumar1‚2‚a)‚ Minori Abe1‚2‚ Masahiko Hada1‚2 and Masatoshi Kajita3 1Department of Chemistry‚ Tokyo Metropolitan University‚ 1-1 Minami-Osawa‚ Hachioji Tokyo‚ 192-0397‚ Japan‚ 2JST‚ CREST‚ 4-1-8 Honcho‚ Kawaguchi‚ Saitama‚ 332-0012‚ Japan 3National Institute of Information and Communications Technology‚ Koganei‚ Tokyo 184-8795‚ Japan a)Electronic mail: geetha@tmu.ac.jp. ABSTRACT We present quantum-chemical
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Methane From Wikipedia‚ the free encyclopedia Methane IUPAC name[hide] Methane[1] (substitutive) Tetrahydridocarbon[1] (additive) Identifiers CAS number 74-82-8 PubChem 297 ChemSpider 291 EC number 200-812-7 UN number 1971 KEGG C01438 MeSH Methane ChEBI CHEBI:16183 ChEMBL CHEMBL17564 RTECS number PA1490000 Beilstein Reference 1718732 Gmelin Reference 59 3DMet B01450 Jmol-3D images Image 1 SMILES [show] InChI [show] Properties Molecular formula CH4 Molar mass 16
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1. In the Luminol synthesis the compound being oxidized was the sodium hydrosulfite. 2. The purpose of the acetic acid is to pronate the dianon organic molecule to make the neutral organic compound‚ Luminol that will crash out of the solvent. If the number of moles were reversed for acetic acid and sodium hydroxide the solution would be very basic‚ and and the amount of Luminol produced would decrease. 3. The cold water was used to decrease the solubility of Luminol in the solvent and prevent further
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Critically evaluate the role of the prefrontal cortex in the predisposition of violent behaviour. The function and structure of the brain has long been implicated in the explanation of violent behaviour. From cases studies as early as 1848‚ in which head injuries resulted in changes of personality and behaviour. The prefrontal cortex was identified as a region of interest as specific head wounds to this area resulted in increased aggression and violence. The improvement of neuropsychological
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regions‚ where layer after layer of supercooled water is added to the frozen. The scientist have proof of this because if you cut it in half you can see the layers 3. –They are all Terrestrial planets Mercury- Closest to the sun Venus- has an orbital period of 225 days Earth- Has water Mars- Has history of water 4. Apparent magnitude: is the brightness as seen from earth Absolute magnitude: is the actual brightness of a star One star is brighter because it is brighter
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