UNIVERSITY TUNKU ABDUL RAHMAN FACULTY OF SCIENCE BACHELOR OF SCIENCE(HONS)BIOCHEMISTRY YEAR 1 SEMESTER 1 UDEC1164 ORGANIC CHEMISTRY Name: Cheong Wai See Student ID: 1404057 Practical Group: 1 Title of Experiment: Name of Tutor: Dr. Mohammod Aminuzzaman Date: 24 February 2016 Tiltle: Nitration of Methyl Benzoate Objectives: -To prepare methyl-3-nitrobenzoate from nitration of methyl benzoate by electropilic aromatic substitution. -To calculate the percentage yield and get the melting point of methyl-3-nitrobenzoate
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Substitution Reactions* INTRODUCTION In class‚ we have been learning about substitution reactions and the various mechanisms by which they can occur. In a substitution reaction‚ a leaving group‚ usually a halide‚ is replaced by a nucleophile. Two mechanisms have been described for this reaction‚ a unimolecular (SN1) mechanism‚ and a bimolecular (SN2) mechanism. The stepwise unimolecular mechanism proceeds through a carbocation intermediate. These reactions are favored by the use of a substrate
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evaporating the weight of crude caffeine was .0321g‚ making the percent recovery before sublimation 1.43%. After sublimation the weight of pure caffeine was .0027g‚ making the percent recovery of caffeine after sublimation .12%. The percent recovery of caffeine is less in the second half of the experiment because the crude caffeine had some impurities in it which were taken out by the process of sublimation. The average cup of black tea has about .014g to .07g of pure caffeine in it (MayoClinic
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extraction From Wikipedia‚ the free encyclopedia Liquid–liquid extraction also known as solvent extraction and partitioning‚ is a method to separate compounds based on their relative solubilities in two different immiscible liquids‚ usually water and an organic solvent. It is an extraction of a substance from one liquid into another liquid phase. Liquid–liquid extraction is a basic technique in chemical laboratories‚ where it is performed using a separatory funnel. This type of process is commonly performed
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ions Reagent/ Condition; Reaction | Explanation | Oxygen supply; Combustion | Limited supply of oxygen: CO formed.Even less Oxygen: C is deposited as soot. Excess Oxygen: Complete combustion (giving CO2 and H2O) | Al2 O3 and vaporisation of alkane at 500°C; Cracking of Alkanes | Al2 O3 is used as a catalyst. Heat provides energy for breakage of C-C bonds. | UV light; Initiation step of FRS of alkanes by halogens * Not required for electrophilic addition reaction btw Halogens and alkenes
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aromatic substitution reaction‚ predict the effect on substituent orientation‚ and determine the identity of the product and mechanism for product. Procedure: Schoffstall‚ A.M.‚ Faddis‚ B.A.‚ and Durelinger‚ M.L. Microscale and Miniscale Organic Chemistry Laboratory Experiments‚ 2nd Ed.‚ McGraw-Hill‚ 2004‚ pages 215-218. Experiment 12.2 A Changes: Part A- No methanol recrystallization. Results and Observations * all literature values were obtained
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exploitation of plant and animal species worldwide. The American black bear is an example of the most threatened subspecies in Canada and United states. Legal protection and conservation plan for these endangered subspecies should be established. However‚ organic evolution has been taking place for 3.5 billion years. It is impossible to study every living organism from an individual level. Biologists group and classify living and extinct organisms for many reasons such as to establish a common language or
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1. Which of the following renewable energy would require the use of hazardous materials like inert silicon‚ arsenic and cadmium- solar 2. What is the 5 day BOD of sugar beet factory wastewater? 10000 3. These are organism that returns organic material to inorganic material; completes recycling of atoms. - Decomposer 4. A kind of interaction in which two organisms strives to obtain the same limited resources‚ and in the process both organisms are harmed to some extent. -Competition 5. Which of the
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Things you’ll NEED Ingredients: 80g of Sodium Hydroxide (NaOH or Lye) 8 oz. Distilled Water 30g Olive Oil Fragrance Coloring Materials: Heating pan Spatula Molder Stainless Steel Thermometer Measuring cup Things you’ll need for safety: Safety Goggles Rubber gloves Mask Apron Cold Process Soap Making (Summary) Step-by-step instructions: Gather all your ingredients Wear safety goggles‚ mask‚ rubber gloves Prepare your molder
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Organic Chemistry II Laboratory (ABCT357/ABCT3757) Lab Manual 2014-2015 Lee Hang Wai‚ Alston (alston.lee@polyu.edu.hk) Dr. Lee Cheng Hao‚ Samuel (chenghao.lee@polyu.edu.hk) Organic Chemistry II Laboratory (ABCT357‚ ABCT3757) (Group one) Contact: Alston Lee (alston.lee@polyu.edu.hk) Tuesday 8:30-11:30 ‚ Laboratory: Y1315 Lab supporting staffs: YK Au / Kan Chan/Arnold Demonstrators: Dr. Samuel Lee‚ Alston Lee‚ Fu Wai Chung‚ Guo Shuai‚ Yuen On Ying‚ Sep 16 Tue Acetylation of α-D-glucopyranose (Expt
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