Lab #4 The Synthesis of Organic Polymers CHM2123‚ Section C October 21‚ 2014 Introduction: Organic polymers are macromolecules that are composed of smaller molecules called monomers. There are two main groups of polymers: natural polymers and unnatural (synthetic) polymers. Natural polymers include proteins such as cellulose and starch and are a necessity for our existence. On the other hand‚ synthetic polymers such as the polycarbonate in our lab goggles
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ESTERIFICATION SYNTHESIS OF PEAR OIL One of the major uses of Esterification (C(=O)-C-R) is forming compounds with different odors which can be used to make different synthetic and natural flavorings. Using the chemical and physical properties of organic compounds‚ an ester was catalyzed from the reaction of a carboxylic acid with an alcohol‚ producing an odor similar to that of pear oil. The mechanism of this Fischer- Esterification process is outlined as follows:
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Ellen Grant Honors Bio I Organic Compounds Problems and Objectives: The purpose of this lab was to select the suitable test for an organic molecule and define the safe process for that test. An organic molecule is normally found in or produced by living systems. (Unknown Author‚ 2014‚ www.biology-online.org/organic_molecule)In this lab one was supposed to infer the results of the test and be able to identify if major biomolecules are present. You were to analyze a variety of tests including
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A carbohydrate is an organic compound that consists only of carbon‚ hydrogen‚ and oxygen‚ usually with a hydrogen:oxygen atom ratio of 2:1 (as in water); in other words‚ with the empirical formula Cm(H2O)n. The carbohydrates (saccharides) are divided into four chemical groupings: monosaccharides‚ disaccharides‚ oligosaccharides‚ and polysaccharides. In general‚ the monosaccharides and disaccharides‚ which are smaller (lower molecular weight) carbohydrates‚ are commonly referred to as sugars.
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PUSHING fast food franchises out of Darebin is an imprudent method of decreasing obesity rates. As a single parent‚ I believe the ‘Fast Food Fat Tax’ (McDonald’s‚KFC face supersize rates slug in obesity fight‚ 15 May) is a pointless waste of money‚ not only will high- income fast-food addicts continue to buy junk food‚ this fat tax will only affect us low-income earners. The whole of the food industry is focused on continuing to give hard-pressed families great tasting food at an affordable
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Four elements‚ hydrogen‚ carbon‚ oxygen and nitrogen‚ are the major components of most organic compounds. Consequently‚ our understanding of organic chemistry must have‚ as a foundation‚ an appreciation of the electronic structure and properties of these elements. The truncated periodic table shown above provides the orbital electronic structure for the first eighteen elements (hydrogen through argon). According to the Aufbau principle‚ the electrons of an atom occupy quantum levels or orbitals starting
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Relationship between algal cover and water chemistry in rockpools Ahmad Mukhris Ahmad Mahadzir ABSTARCT Intertidal rockpool is one of the harshest environment in marine ecosystem. Most of the organisms living in it has to have adaptions to survive in harsh conditions‚ especially algal. A research was done to see if abiotic factors such as temperature‚ dissolved oxygen‚ temperature and pH value could have a significant correlation with total percentage of algal cover. Initial hypothesis was dissolved
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useful if we can determine the cover or distance of the reinforcement from the nearest concrete surface of the structure without destroying or cutting the member. A large number of attempts have been made but only the method involving electromagnetic principles has been successful. (Rao‚ 1949) How a Cover Meter Works? The change of inductance of an iron cored inductor known as ‘search unit’ due to the proximity of the reinforcing bar is used to measure the ‘cover’. The search unit is moved on the
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|Chapter 5: | |Structure and Preparation of Alkenes. | |Elimination Reactions | Summary Alkenes contain the C=C functional group which can be prepared by 1‚2-elimination reactions such as: • dehydration of alcohols (- H2O) or • dehydrohalogenation of alkyl halides (- HX). Zaitsev’s rule indicates that the preferred product is the more highly substituted
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SYNTHETIC EXPLOITATION OF ENZYMES: BIOCATALYSIS IN ORGANIC SOLVENTS: FUNDAMENTALS ENZYMES IN ORGANIC SYNTHESIS 1. Enzymes catalyze a broad spectrum of reactions with high turnover numbers. Rate enhancements approach 1012 fold. 2. Enzymes may accept a wide range of substrates. 3. Enzymes are highly regio and stereoselective. 4. Enzyme reactions take place under mild conditions; this minimizes problems of isomerization and racemization. 5. Enzymatic processes are less hazardous and polluting
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