Four elements‚ hydrogen‚ carbon‚ oxygen and nitrogen‚ are the major components of most organic compounds. Consequently‚ our understanding of organic chemistry must have‚ as a foundation‚ an appreciation of the electronic structure and properties of these elements. The truncated periodic table shown above provides the orbital electronic structure for the first eighteen elements (hydrogen through argon). According to the Aufbau principle‚ the electrons of an atom occupy quantum levels or orbitals starting
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SYNTHESIS AND CHEMISTRY OF K2S2O8 ABSTRACT In this experiment‚ a sample of K2S2O8 was prepared by the electrolysis of an aqueous solution of H2SO4 and K2SO4. The peroxodisulfate anion‚ S2O82-‚ was also observed for its ability to serve as a counterion for precipitation by preparing a copper (II) complex by reacting hydrated copper (II) sulfate with ammonium peroxodisulfate in the presence of pyridine. This same ability‚ coupled with its strong oxidizing ability allowed for stabilization of
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Synthesis and Purification of Acetylsalicylic Acid (ASA or Aspirin) Background Salicylic acid is a phenol as well as a carboxylic acid. It can therefore undergo two different types of esterification reactions‚ creating an ester either with the hydroxyl or with the acid. In the presence of acetic anhydride‚ acetylsalicylic acid (aspirin or ASA) is formed. Correspondingly‚ an excess of methanol will form methyl salicylate‚ which is also an analgesic. In this experiment‚ we shall use
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Experiment 6 titled “Organic Chemistry” and the purpose of this lab is to get familiar with some organic functional group and test certain reactions of selected functional groups. To do the first part of the experiment (combustion test)‚ instructor demonstration in hood‚ and record the observation. Part A (combustion of toluene) pour 1 milliliter of toluene into a evaporating dish and ignite it with a flaming wood splint. Most importantly put the flame with a watchglass. Part B (combustion of ethyl
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13. ORGANIC CHEMISTRY IV) ALKYNES SYNOPSIS Alkynes are commonly known as acetylenes. Acetylene is the simplest and important member of the alkyne series. • Alkynes contain – C ≡ C – • General molecular formula of alkynes is CnH2n–2 • Triple bonded carbons are ‘sp’ hybridized and greater s – character is associated with it. • Alkynes will exhibit chain‚ position and functional isomerism. • Their functional isomers are alkadienes and cyclo alkenes. • The minimum number of carbons required to exhibit
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GROUP 2 EXPERIMENT 15 BSP2M ORGANIC CHEMISTRY LABORATORY MR. WILBERT MORALES Chemical Structure Physical Properties Hazards Acetonephenone Physical state and appearance: Liquid. (Liquid.) Odor: Not available. Taste: Not available. Molecular Weight: 120.16 g/mole Color: Colorless to light yellow. pH (1% soln/water): 7 [Neutral.] Boiling Point: 201.7°C (395.1°F) Melting Point: 19.7°C (67.5°F) Critical Temperature: Not available. Specific Gravity: 1.03 (Water
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10/12/11 Synthesis of Potassium Ferric Oxalate Trihydrate and The Determination of Oxalate Ion in Ferric Oxalate Trihydrate using Titrimetry Abstract: In this two-part lab‚ we will learn about coordination compounds and their uses with stoiciometry. We will also find out about how theoretical yield is calculated from a reaction we will create. We will also synthesize Potassium Ferric Oxalate Trihydrate (K_3 [〖Fe(C_2 O_4)〗_3]•3H_2 O) using a two step reaction. In the second part of this lab we will
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Synthesized Methamphetamine was first synthesized from ephedrine in Japan in 1893 by chemist Nagai Nagayoshi. In 1919‚ crystallized methamphetamine was synthesized by Akira Ogata via reduction of ephedrine using red phosphorus and iodine. Synthesis is relatively simple‚ but entails risk with flammable and corrosive chemicals‚ particularly the solvents used in extraction and purification; therefore‚ illicit production is often discovered by fires and explosions caused by the improper handling
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A carbohydrate is an organic compound that consists only of carbon‚ hydrogen‚ and oxygen‚ usually with a hydrogen:oxygen atom ratio of 2:1 (as in water); in other words‚ with the empirical formula Cm(H2O)n. The carbohydrates (saccharides) are divided into four chemical groupings: monosaccharides‚ disaccharides‚ oligosaccharides‚ and polysaccharides. In general‚ the monosaccharides and disaccharides‚ which are smaller (lower molecular weight) carbohydrates‚ are commonly referred to as sugars.
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OF ENZYMES IN ORGANIC CHEMISTRY Why enzymes in organic synthesis? | Alternative to chemical methods: * High region- and stereoselectivity * Milder reaction conditions * Environmentally more friendly | Which enzyme(s)? | OxidoreductasesHydrolasesLyasesIsomerases | Which reaction system? | AqueousAqueous and water-miscible organic solventAqueous and water-immiscible organic solventPure organic solventOther solvents (supercritical fluids‚ ionic liquids) | Which ‘chemistry’ | (dynamic) kinetic
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