1. A female client is admitted with a diagnosis of acute renal failure. She is awake‚ alert‚ oriented‚ and complaining of severe back pain‚ nausea and vomiting and abdominal cramps. Her vital signs are blood pressure 100/70 mm Hg‚ pulse 110‚ respirations 30‚ and oral temperature 100.4°F (38°C). Her electrolytes are sodium 120 mEq/L‚ potassium 5.2 mEq/L; her urinary output for the first 8 hours is 50 ml. The client is displaying signs of which electrolyte imbalance? A. Hyponatremia B. Hyperkalemia
Premium Potassium Kidney Sodium
Dialysis Dialysis is a treatment for those with end stage renal disease (ESRD). Damaged or diseased kidneys cannot remove toxins from the body. Dialysis removes the toxins and regulates the pH of the blood when the kidneys do not work. Side Effects of Peritoneal Dialysis (PD) and Hemodialysis: * Side effects may be mild or severe‚ depending on the patient’s condition and whether or not they are following their dietary and fluid restrictions. * Infections Exchanges between the catheters
Premium Dialysis Kidney Blood
Shock Shock is a syndrome characterized by decreased tissue perfusion and impaired cellular metabolism. This results in an imbalance between the supply of and demand for oxygen and nutrients. The exchange of oxygen and nutrients at the cellular level is essential to life. When a cell experiences a state of hypoperfusion‚ the demand for oxygen and nutrients exceeds the supply at the microcirculatory level. Classification of Shock The four main categories of shock are * cardiogenic‚: *
Premium Blood Myocardial infarction Shock
Dennervation hypersensitivity damage to the ANS increases the effector response to stimulation Ganglia a cluster of nerve cell bodies that lie outside the CNS Mass activation Divergence-Preganglionic fibers branch to synapse with numerous postganglionic fibers (up‚ down‚ level) Convergence-Postganglionic fibers receive input from numerous preganglionic fibers Sympathetic system is activated as a unit Sympathoadrenal System the closely related functioning adrenal medulla and sympathetic nervous
Premium Blood Blood pressure Muscle
Chapter 39 Diuretics Open-Book Quiz‚ Chapter 39 1. Three uses of diuretics include treatment of hypertension‚ mobilization of edematous fluid‚ and used to prevent renal failure. 2. Aldosterone is the principal mineralocorticoid of the adrenal cortex; it stimulates reabsorption of sodium from the distal cortex. 3. Most diuretics share the same basic mechanism of action: they block sodium and chloride reabsorption. The greatest diuresis is produced by those drugs whose site of action
Premium Hypertension Blood pressure Kidney
Conditions associated with ↑ thrombus formation; • Use of hormonal contraceptives (PO); • OB: Lactation: Pedi: Safety not established. Adverse Reactions/Side Effects CNS: SEIZURES‚ headache‚ dizziness. EENT: visual abnormalities. CV: hypotension‚ thromboembolism‚ thrombosis. GI: diarrhea‚ nausea‚ vomiting. MS: pain. Misc: PO—ANAPHYLAXIS . *CAPITALS indicates life-threatening. *italic indicates most frequent. Interactions Drug-Drug • Concurrent use of clotting factor complexes
Premium Menstrual cycle Blood Menstruation
26/08/2013 CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM PHARMACOLOGY To generate the force that moves the blood through circulatory system 1 26/08/2013 Learning Objectives: After completing this chapter you should able to: •Name categories of cardiovascular drugs •Describe the therapeutics effects of drugs •Identify the side effects 2 26/08/2013 Heart & Blood Circulation 3 functional parts: • • • Cardiac muscle Conduction system Nerve supply Main Diseases CHF – Congestive heart failure
Premium Hypertension Myocardial infarction
males Gorillas of San Diego zoo‚ a new arrival and an old settler‚ standing upright on their hind legs‚ pounding their chests rapidly with their hands‚ screeching and hooting loudly using their belch vocalization‚ and then they started to lose orthostatic form‚ dropping their arms slowly to the ground‚ going back to their quadrupedal position‚ lifting their heads up with the sense of fire in their eyes‚ looking sharply at each other; they were about to enter a fight. They were brawny‚ burly‚ and
Premium English-language films 2007 singles Beowulf
of 2 or more organ systems • Caused by immune system’s uncontrolled inflammatory response to a severe illness or injury o Inflammatory response: cytokines and chemokines out of control ▪ Peripheral vasodilation = hypotension ▪ Capillary leak/permeability = fluids shifts = edema ▪ Clotting cascade = emboli get stuck in capillary beds = tissue hypoxia • Can develop quickly following major surgery‚ trauma‚ or severe burns OR slowly
Premium Myocardial infarction Atrial fibrillation Heart
Mr. M‚ 52‚ comes to the ED complaining of intermittent palpitations‚ shortness of breath‚ and lightheadedness. Triage takes Mr. M back into the treatment area after a quick evaluation. His vital signs are BP‚ 140/80; pulse‚ 148 and regular; respirations‚ 18; and SpO2‚ 97% on room air. While a colleague obtains peripheral I.V. access‚ you attach a cardiac monitor‚ which shows sinus tachycardia with frequent premature ventricular contractions (PVCs). Next‚ you use the SAMPLE mnemonic to conduct
Premium Cardiology Myocardial infarction