2.3. Membranes and modules for forward osmosis: 2.3.1. FO Membranes Generally‚ any dense‚ non-porous‚ selectively permeable material can be used as a membrane for FO. Such membranes have been tested (in flat sheet and capillary configurations) in the past for various applications of FO. In early studies‚ the researchers applied various FO membrane materials‚ including bladders of pigs‚ cattle‚ and fish; collodion (nitrocellulose); rubber; porcelain; and goldbeaters’ skin [36]. By 1960‚ Loeb and
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. Animals Testing Essay - Issues related to animal experimentation are frequently discussed these days‚ particularly in the media. It is often said that animals should not be used in testing because it is cruel and unnecessary. This essay will examine the arguments for and against animal testing. On the one hand‚ the people who support these experiments say that we must do tests on animals. For instance‚ many famous lifesaving drugs were invented in this way‚ and animal experiments may help us to
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differently. Con organization also have five main beliefs. The first con they believe in animal testing is a cruel thing. They believe no living thing should be put to suffer because another species is curious. Although Pro organizations claim no animals are harmed the Con organization has released this statement to prove Pro organization wrong: According to Humane Society International‚ animals used in experiments are commonly subjected to force feeding‚ forced inhalation‚ food and water deprivation
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Desalination of Seawater Project Paper The main concept of this Desalination process is reverse osmosis‚ but we will get into that later. Right now what is probably running through your head is what exactly is desalination. To put it simply desalination is the process to make seawater or otherwise undrinkable water safe to consume. This can be accomplished through a variety of methods such as the simplest but one of the ones that requires a lot of money would be distillation. Distillation is commonly
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Title Antimicrobial properties in different type of plants. Introduction A substance that kills or prevents the growth of microorganisms for example bacteria‚ fungi or protozoans is called an antimicrobial. This substance has 2 major roles which are to either kill microbes (microbiocidal) or prevent the growth of microbes (microbiostatic). Disinfectants are antimicrobial substances used on non-living objects outside the body. This substance included antibiotics‚ antifungals‚ antiprotozoals and
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Banana and Papaya Fruit Peelings Extract as an Alternative Culture Medium for Fungi Submitted by: Maricel P. Clores Catherine A. Bernardo Rodora Lafiguera Julius Jorge Suarez Scope and Delimitation This study is focused on how to produce ointment out of banana and papaya fruit peelings extract to help avoiding fungal infections. It must be done within a laboratory. The place must be conducive for only a matter of years. This study builds upon on how to lessen fungal
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Physics 1003 Experiment Report In this experiment‚ the technician began with the demonstration of solar energy. Solar energy is the conversion of light energy to electrical energy by using solar panels. Solar panels are devices that contained solar module which use light energy from light to generate electricity through the photovoltaic effect. And photovoltaic modules generate electricity from a frequency of light. From my observation of the experiment‚ I found that the panel is black in
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Chapter 2 IB Biology 2.1 Cell Theory 2.1.1 Outline the cell theory (2). • All organisms are composed of one or more cells • Cells are the smallest units of life • All cells come from preexisting cells • TOK: cell theory replaces the former ideas of spontaneous generation or abiogenesis in which inanimate matter assembles itself into living forms • Exception: muscle cells- more than 1 nucleus‚ very long; (fungal cells) hyphae roots- not a single unit; protoctista- not specialized to single
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Bacterial cells are Prokaryotic cells. These cells have several internal structures and surface structures. The cell walls are of two types‚ gram positive and gram negative. Out of all the structures‚ the two selected structures are the cell- wall and endospores. The cell- wall of bacterial cells is found in three distinct shapes such as spherical‚ spiral and rod shaped. The cell wall of the bacterial cells is composed of the proteins and polysaccharides. This is collectively called peptidoglycan
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students dealt with Osmosis‚ movement of water molecule or solvent from a high concentration to a low concentration‚ through selective permeability‚ a protective barrier that provide some particle the ’direct ’ passage in and out of the plasma membrane ( Lacerda L.2011) Allowing some molecules enter and exit the cell membrane‚ to create a balance in concentration inside and outside of the cell‚ by doing so the cell often become hypotonic‚ where the concentration outside the cell is higher than the
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