2.3. Membranes and modules for forward osmosis: 2.3.1. FO Membranes Generally‚ any dense‚ non-porous‚ selectively permeable material can be used as a membrane for FO. Such membranes have been tested (in flat sheet and capillary configurations) in the past for various applications of FO. In early studies‚ the researchers applied various FO membrane materials‚ including bladders of pigs‚ cattle‚ and fish; collodion (nitrocellulose); rubber; porcelain; and goldbeaters’ skin [36]. By 1960‚ Loeb and
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the starchy root in order to survive‚ until a terrible adversity struck in the 1800’s that resulted in a famine that effected millions. The cause and factors of the Irish potato famine have puzzled Biologists for many years. Biologists have known that it was a strain of phytoptharainfestants that destroyed Ireland’s potato crops as well as northern Europe’s during the 1800’s. Several determined
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Aim To observe and measure the effect of osmosis on the mass of potato using a starch solution. Introduction In order to measure the effect of osmosis‚ eighteen pieces of potato were cut and placed in six groups‚ each group of three pieces cut to weigh as close as possible to one another. For each potato group‚ a test tube was half filled with a starch solution varying in concentration from 0% (water) to 1%. Hypothesis Through osmosis‚ I hypothesise that as the solution of the starch in
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An investigation how sugar solutions of different concentrations affect osmosis. Research Osmosis is the diffusion of water across a partially permeable membrane from a dilute solution to one of a higher concentration. If a solution has a low concentration then the amount of (in the case of my investigation) sugar‚ the solute‚ will be low and the solution will be weak. If there is high amount of sugar then the solution will be concentrated (have a high concentration). When two solutions
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How the Potato Changed the World In today’s world the potato is the fifth most vital crop universal‚ it follows wheat‚ corn‚ rice and sugar cane. However in the 18th century the potato was an amazing novelty‚ part of a global environmental fit started by Christopher Columbus. Roughly 250 million years ago‚ the world consisted of a single giant landmass now known as Pangaea. Physical forces broke Pangaea separately‚ creating the continents and hemispheres well-known today. Over the eons
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Osmosis and the Egg Lab Report By: N. Mullins Date: January 20‚ 2011 Introduction This lab was designed to explain the different things osmosis does. Osmosis is the diffusion of water across a semi permeable membrane. Over three days we tested the egg in three different solutions to observe the changes. On Day 1‚ the main question we answered was what happened to the egg when it was placed in vinegar? Before doing this I came to my hypothesis was that the vinegar would eat away at the shell and eventually
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Using Sucrose Solutions to Determine Osmolarity of Potato Tubers Based on Weight By Thomas Pelikan Biology 200A Section 004 Kimberly Schmidt October 2‚ 2012 Abstract: In this experiment we were trying to determine the osmolarity of potato tubers by weighing them before and after incubating them in solutions of sucrose with varying molarities. To find the osmolarity we took a potato and used a cork borer to obtain seven samples of potato tubers. We then prepared seven beakers with concentrations
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Diffusion and Osmosis Lab Introduction • What molecules can pass through a semi-permeable membrane? In this lab study we tested carbohydrates such as starch and glucose‚ as well as solutions like Benedict’s and Lugol’s to see if they would cross the membrane of a cell but since we can’t actually see that happen we used dialysis tubing (acts as the cell membrane). • My prediction was that glucose and Benedict’s could pass the semi-permeable membrane but starch and Lugol’s wouldn’t be able to
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I lived on a potato farm in Ireland during the Great Potato Famine. It was the worst famine in Europe in the 19th century. This famine started in September of 1845 and ended in 1852. During this time‚ life in Ireland was extremely difficult. We suffered from much starvation and disease. Approximately one million of us died and another million emigrated to other countries‚ especially America. The population of the country dropped 20 to 25%. The Great Famine began mysteriously. My family
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My First Lab Report: Diffusion and Osmosis To begin‚ this is my first time doing an experiment and a lab report for biology’s class. Although‚ it was a little hard at the beginning‚ my team and I got the hang of it and we finished it on time. It was actually kind of fun. There were three steps in the experiment: 3.1 A – Molecular Movement: In this session‚ I was observing a sample and determining if there was a movement or not. 3.1B –Diffusion through semi-permeable membrane dialysis tube: In this
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