The causes of World War I‚ which began in central Europe in early July 1914‚ included many intertwined factors‚ such as the conflicts and hostility of the four decades leading up to the war. Militarism‚ alliances‚ imperialism‚ and nationalism played major roles in the conflict as well. However‚ the immediate origins of the war lay in the decisions taken by statesmen and generals during the July Crisis of 1914‚ casus belli for which was the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria and
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------------------------------------------------- Gibrat’s law Gibrat’s law‚ sometimes called Gibrat’s rule of proportionate growth is a rule defined by Robert Gibrat (1904–1980) stating that the size of a firm and its growth rate are independent.[1] The law of proportionate growth gives rise to a distribution that is log-normal.[2] Gibrat’s law is also applied to cities size and growth rate‚ where proportionate growth process may give rise to a distribution of city sizes that is log-normal‚ as
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For the article on the war itself‚ see World War I. Personifications of Germany‚ France‚ Russia‚ Austria-Hungary‚ and the United Kingdom attempting to keep the lid on the simmering cauldron of imperialist and nationalist tensions in the Balkans to prevent a general European war. They were successful in 1912 and 1913 but did not succeed in in 1914. The causes of World War I‚ which began in central Europe in late July 1914 and finished in 1918‚ included many factors‚ such as the conflicts and
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ESSAYS IN INTERNATIONAL FINANCE ESSAYS IN INTERNATIONAL FINANCE are published by the International Finance Section of the Department of Economics of Princeton University. The Section sponsors this series of publications‚ but the opinions expressed are those of the authors. The Section welcomes the submission of manuscripts for publication in this and its other series. Please see the Notice to Contributors at the back of this Essay. The author of this Essay‚ Harold James‚ is Professor of
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20th Century Europe 1/15/14 18th century- many great events happening Enlightenment- began in France New generation of people First Political Revolution- France 1789 3 main social classes- royal class (no taxes)‚ peasants (taxed) Third class was responsible for everything From the European past: The First Industrial Revolution Use of child labor Social Protest Luddites movement Neal Ludd was the Robin Hood figure Most important industry started- Textiles Cotton Spinning
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Pre-WWI 1) Otto von Bismarck’s foreign policy had the goal of securing the territory of Europe‚ staying peaceful with minimal conflict‚ and isolating France. In order to do this‚ Germany had to be on good terms with the Russians and Austrians‚ because a conflict between the two would not be beneficial for Germany. An agreement between Germany‚ Austria-Hungary‚ and Russia was made in 1871 to guard Germany against war with the French and to isolate them. It was known as Dreikaiserbund. This shortly
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A Critical Evaluation Of The Kulturkampf: The Motives & Consequences The purpose of this essay is to evaluate the anti-Catholic legislation introduced in Germany‚ during the 1870’s. This evaluation will utilise a selection of works by Bismarckian era historians‚ and will involve an examination and appliance of the current historical arguments and theories on the Kulturkampf‚ largely from historians like Ross‚ Smith‚ Gross et al. who have written extensively on the factors governing such policies
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How important were the great power rivalries as a cause of the First World War? There has been much debate amongst historians about what the decisive factors leading to the First World War were. In early 1914 relations across Europe appeared stable: Anglo-German naval tensions looked to be improving and countries seemed to want to avoid war as it was expensive and would damage trade routes. For example‚ Austria-Hungary and Russia avoided war in 1912 and 1913. Within this essay I am going to weigh
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Compare and contrast the foreign policy goals and achievements of Metternich (1815-1848) and Bismarck (1862-1890) Metternich and Bismarck had many foreign goals in mind. Many of which led to their great achievements. Metternich was a chief constructor of the Congress of Vienna opposed to ideas of liberals and reformers who wanted to return power to the ruling families deposed by the prior Revolutions. Bismarck sought to unite Germany by engaging into wars including the Danish War‚ the Austro-Prussian
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HeLa Cells: Taken Without Consent and Used for Profit HeLa cells have been around for 65 years. Most people have never heard of HeLa cells. Medical researchers‚ scientist and biologist know all about them. HeLa cells are a group of cells or “line” taken from a patient and used for scientific research. These groups or lines are usually named after the donor. The cells get their name from the first two letters of the first and last name of the donor. In this case‚ the donor was a poor black woman named
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